Table 2.

Summarized findings of user feedback on NMPRO based on the FITT framework

Role	Task(s)	Technology	Individual
Medical Assistants	Administered PRO assessment in exam room Prompted patients to complete PRO assessment Challenges: Patient participation issues; workflow disruption	Positives: Interface was easy to use Negatives: Only English version was available; desktop PCs were challenging to patients with mobility issues; EHR locking issues	Motivations to use: None identified Barriers to use: Not fully aware of the clinical utility of PROs
Physicians	Reviewed PROs during or prior to clinic visit Discussed PROs with patients Challenges: Workflow disruption; time-consuming; redundant information	Positives: PRO scores were easy to interpret; trending graphs were helpful Negatives: Data visualization types were limited; PRO scores could not be inserted into clinical notes	Motivations to use: Aware of the potential benefits of PROs Barriers to use: Task overload; lack of actionable data; lack of data validation; lack of financial incentive
Psychosocial providers (psychologists & social workers)	Reviewed PROs before outreach Discussed PROs with patients and delivered mental health resources Challenges: Task overload	Positives: PRO scores were easy to interpret Negatives: Patient referrals were not routed to specific social workers in the EHR	Motivations to use: Targeted conversations with patients; improved delivery of care Barriers to use: Task overload; concerns about the accuracy of PROs

EHR: electronic health record; FITT: fit between individuals, task and technology; NMPRO: Northwestern Medicine Patient Reported Outcomes; PRO: patient-reported outcome.