Table 3.
Fentanyl analogs idenified in drug-related deaths in West Virginia, 2015 – 2017 (n = 2889).
| Characteristic | Carfentaniln (%) | Furanyl fentanyl n (%) |
Para-fluoro(iso) butyryl fentanyl n (%) |
Acetyl fentanyl n (%) |
Acryl fentanyl n (%) |
Cyclopropyl fentanyl n (%) |
Butyryl fentanyl n (%) |
3-Methyl fentanyl n (%) |
Methox yacetyl fentanyl n (%) |
Tetrahyd rofuran fentanyl n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. of cases | 117 | 104 | 75 | 56 | 29 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 1 |
| First identified date | 2016/Aug | 2015/Jan | 2015/Jan | 2013/Jan | 2015/Jan | 2017/Jun | 2016/Dec | 2016/Sept | 2017/Sept | 2017/Apri 1 |
| Age (mean, SD) | 38.8 (11.7) | 40.1 (11.2) | 40.9 (11.3) | 37.4 (9.7) | 35.0 (9.2) | 39.6 (11.6) | 44.1 (8.6) | 33.6 (10.2) | 43.4 (14.2) | 26.0 (.) |
| Male | 75 (64.1) | 69 (66.3) | 60 (80.0) | 35 (62.5) | 20 (69.0) | 17 (85.0) | 10 (100.0) | 6 (75.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0 (.) |
| Number of drugs present (mean, SD) | 3.2 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.4) | 4.1 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.6) | 4.7 (1.8) | 2.4 (0.5) | 4.4 (1.9) | 4 (.) |
| Single drug | 16 (13.7) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 2 drugs | 27 (23.1) | 14 (13.5) | 9 (12.0) | 8 (14.3) | 5 (17.2) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (10.0) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| 3 drugs | 28 (23.9) | 26 (25.0) | 12 (16.0) | 17 (30.4) | 9 (31.0 | 5 (25.0) | 2 (20.0) | (37.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| 4 drugs | 24 (20.5) | 32 (30.8) | 29 (38.7) | 17 (30.4) | 7 (24.1) | 4 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (100.0) |
| 5 or more drugs | 22 (18.8) | 30 (28.8) | 24 (32.0) | 13 (23.2) | 6 (20.7) | 4 (20.0) | 5 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Cases with concurrent | ||||||||||
| Fentanyl | 41 (35.0) | 32 (30.8) | 46 (61.3) | 49 (87.5) | 14 (48.3) | 9 (45.0) | 6 (60.0) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (85.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other fentanyl analog(s) | 28 (23.9) | 31(29.8) | 41 (54.7) | 1 (1.8) | 15 (51.7) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (100.0) |
| Other prescriptio n opioid(s)a | 28 (23.9) | 25 (24.0) | 14 (18.7) | 20 (35.7) | 3 (10.3) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (30.0) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (100.0) |
| Heroin | 26 (22.2) | 48 (46.2) | 42 (56.0) | 29 (51.8) | 17 (58.6) | 6 (30.0) | 5 (50.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (100.0) |
| Benzodiaze pine(s)b | 34 (29.1) | 39 (37.5) | 19 (25.3) | 15 (26.8) | 3 (10.3) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ethanol | 13 (11.1) | 18 (17.3) | 9 (12.0) | 10 (17.9) | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Methamph etamine | 28 (23.9) | 13 (12.5) | 5 (6.7) | 4 (7.1) | 6 (20.7) | 6 (30.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Cocaine | 19 (16.2) | 20 (19.2) | 22 (29.3) | 12 (21.4) | 3 (10.3) | 6 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) | 4 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Most frequently occuring analog cointoxicant | Furanyl fentanyl, 17 (14.5) | Para-fluoro(iso)buty ryl/butyryl fentanyl, 32 (30.8) | Furanyl fentanyl, 32 (42.7) | Furanyl fentanyl, acryl fentanyl, para-fluoro(iso) butyryl fentanyl, 1 (1.8) | Furanyl fentanyl, 13 (44.8) | Para-fluoro(iso) butyryl fentanyl, Butyryl fentanyl, 2 (10.0) | Para-fluoro(iso) butyryl fentanyl, 5 (50.0) | Carfentanil, Furanyl fentanyl, 1 (12.5) | Carfentanil, 2 (28.6) | Carfentanil, 1 (100.0) |
a
Any death involving buprenorphine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, diphenoxylate, propoxyphene, meperidine or tramadol; no fentanyl or heroin
b
Benzodiazepines include alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam.