Table 2.
Antibiotic use before blood draw among hospitalized bacteremia cases with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL production for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Nakhon Phanom and Sa Kaeo provinces, Thailand, 2008–2014
| Antibiotic use before blood draw | E. coli | K. pneumoniae | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESBL, N = 746 | Non-ESBL, N = 2,069 | P-value* | ESBL, N = 237 | Non-ESBL, N = 661 | P-value* | |||||
| n | % | N | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| No preculture antibiotic use | 553 | 74.1 | 1,947 | 94.1 | Ref | 164 | 69.2 | 608 | 92.0 | Ref |
| Preculture antibiotic use | 193 | 25.9 | 122 | 5.9 | < 0.01 | 73 | 30.8 | 53 | 8.0 | < 0.01 |
| β-Lactam (narrow spectrum) | 7 | 3.6 | 5 | 4.1 | < 0.01 | 4 | 5.5 | 6 | 11.3 | 0.15 |
| β-Lactam (extended spectrum) | 13 | 6.7 | 19 | 15.6 | 0.02 | 12 | 16.4 | 11 | 20.8 | < 0.01 |
| Cephalosporins | 138 | 71.5 | 39 | 32.0 | < 0.01 | 42 | 57.5 | 9 | 17.0 | < 0.01 |
| Aminoglycosides | 7 | 3.6 | 8 | 6.6 | 0.02 | 10 | 13.7 | 3 | 5.7 | < 0.01 |
| Carbapenems | 3 | 1.6 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.9 | 0.06 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 19 | 9.8 | 17 | 13.9 | < 0.01 | 11 | 15.1 | 5 | 9.4 | < 0.01 |
| Macrolides | 17 | 8.8 | 9 | 7.4 | < 0.01 | 6 | 8.2 | 5 | 9.4 | 0.01 |
| Nitromidazole | 29 | 15.0 | 13 | 10.7 | < 0.01 | 6 | 8.2 | 2 | 3.8 | < 0.01 |
| Combination (received > 1 antibiotic) | 67 | 34.7 | 23 | 18.9 | < 0.01 | 7 | 9.6 | 31 | 58.5 | < 0.01 |
| Others† | 11 | 5.7 | 22 | 18.0 | 0.14 | 7 | 9.6 | 12 | 22.6 | 0.1 |
* P-values on chi-squared tests comparing no pre-culture antibiotic use vs each class of antibiotics.
† Others: Amphotericin, sulperazone, augmentin, bactrim, and cotrimoxazole.