Table 3.

Fecal characteristics and fermentative end-products of dogs supplemented with a yeast fermentation product

	Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, mg/d					P-value
Item	0	125	250	500	SEM	Linear	Quadratic	0 vs. yeast
Fecal characteristics
pH	7.06	6.95	7.30	7.02	0.31	0.72	0.50	0.89
Fecal score1	2.73	2.80	2.83	2.83	0.08	0.04	0.38	0.04
Fecal DM, %	40.72	41.20	41.68	42.05	3.01	0.37	0.90	0.46
Fecal output (days 22 to 26), g	59.78	60.81	59.64	59.37	6.06	0.89	0.70	0.89
Fecal metabolites, µmol/g DM
Acetate	160.51	164.71	162.19	151.76	22.29	0.37	0.51	0.81
Propionate	73.28	79.10	78.43	72.23	12.24	0.79	0.23	0.57
Butyrate	38.61	48.22	35.59	42.83	17.44	0.98	0.80	0.63
Total SCFA2	272.40	292.03	276.21	266.82	39.45	0.47	0.44	0.84
Isobutyrate	6.59	6.79	6.54	6.20	1.09	0.41	0.66	0.79
Isovalerate	9.93	9.79	9.36	8.90	1.67	0.19	0.95	0.37
Valerate	0.58	0.83	0.64	0.73	0.32	0.55	0.63	0.24
Total BCFA2	17.10	17.41	16.54	15.83	2.87	0.29	0.80	0.60
Phenol	0.82a	0.59ab	0.47ab	0.38b	0.50	<0.01	0.29	<0.01
Indole	1.98	2.17	2.09	1.83	0.40	0.38	0.10	0.74
Total P/I	2.80	2.76	2.56	2.21	0.76	0.03	0.49	0.18
Ammonia	133.04	143.37	127.47	128.39	20.61	0.38	0.65	0.94

¹Fecal scores: 1 = hard, dry pellets; small hard mass; 2 = hard formed, dry stool; remains firm and soft; 3 = soft, formed and moist stool, retains shape; 4 = soft, unformed stool; assumes shape of container; 5 = watery, liquid that can be poured.

²Total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) = acetate + propionate + butyrate; total branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) = valerate + isovalerate + isobutyrate; Total P/I = phenol + indole

^a,b Mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters differ (P < 0.05).