Table 7.

T-cell populations of dogs supplemented with a yeast fermentation product

	Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, mg/d					P-value
Item	0	125	250	500	SEM	Linear	Quadratic	0 vs. yeast
Control
Lymphocyte, % of PBMC1	21.28	16.63	18.92	18.84	11.45	0.76	0.37	0.23
T cell, % of lymphocyte	83.32	80.11	78.77	77.54	5.10	0.07	0.74	0.42
Helper T cell, % of lymphocyte	37.84	36.97	34.54	34.59	4.58	0.07	0.76	0.28
Cytotoxic T cell, % of lymphocyte	32.23	31.80	32.74	31.34	4.55	0.62	0.63	0.80
Helper: cytotoxic T-cell ratio	1.31	1.23	1.13	1.16	0.26	0.29	0.40	0.23
IFN-γ secreting T cell, % of lymphocyte	0.06	0.11	0.08	0.11	0.02	0.73	0.83	0.99
IFN-γ secreting helper cell, % of lymphocyte	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.38	0.13	0.95
IFN-γ secreting cytotoxic cell, % of lymphocyte	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.67	0.03
Stimulation2
Lymphocyte, % of PBMC1	63.71	60.78	65.08	61.57	7.73	0.90	0.64	0.81
T cell, % of lymphocyte	76.05	76.74	75.16	71.82	7.43	0.12	0.89	0.57
Helper T cell, % of lymphocyte	40.12	42.9	37.46	38.25	3.91	0.21	0.29	0.86
Cytotoxic T cell, % of lymphocyte	22.58	23.9	24.09	23.75	3.84	0.65	0.50	0.74
Helper: cytotoxic T-cell ratio	1.90	1.93	1.70	1.72	0.35	0.72	0.39	0.56
IFN-γ secreting T cell, % of lymphocyte	7.56	7.20	8.76	9.29	1.11	0.22	0.41	0.72
IFN-γ secreting helper cell, % of lymphocyte	3.18	3.53	4.62	4.64	0.47	0.02	0.81	0.14
IFN-γ secreting cytotoxic cell, % of lymphocyte	2.75	2.72	3.43	3.24	0.50	0.05	0.45	0.33

¹PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

²Cells were stimulated with cell stimulation cocktail (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ionomycin, brefeldin A, and monensin) for 4 h.