Table 8.
TNF-α concentrations (pg/mL) in cell culture supernatant of dogs supplemented with a yeast fermentation product
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, mg/d | P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | 0 | 125 | 250 | 500 | SEM | Linear | Quadratic | 0 vs. yeast |
| Control | 396.64 | 279.23 | 408.20 | 323.31 | 150.30 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.64 |
| Zymosan (TLR2 agonist) | 705.15a | 492.72b | 591.74ab | 518.74b | 179.72 | 0.04 | 0.46 | <0.01 |
| Poly (I:C)1 (TLR3 agonist) | 455.75 | 353.67 | 414.94 | 360.36 | 104.82 | 0.16 | 0.43 | 0.05 |
| Lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 agonist) | 540.78a | 372.15b | 454.12ab | 416.18ab | 128.96 | 0.08 | 0.09 | <0.01 |
| R848 (resiquimod) (TLR7/8 agonist) | 2267.06a | 1432.79b | 1628.43ab | 1581.30b | 484.06 | 0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 |
1Poly (I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid.
a,bMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters differ (P < 0.05).