. 2019 Feb 23;97(4):1806–1818. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz073

Table 4.

Gas production kinetics parameters for the different substrates when yeast was directly fed to sows for 4 wk^1,2

Item³		A	B	R _max	T _max
Yeast	No	176.23^b	28.23^a	4.84^b	13.68^a
	Yes	199.54^a	20.36^b	6.84^a	8.17^b
	SEM	3.29	0.78	0.09	0.29
Substrate	Wheat	178.35^c	17.20^b	6.62^c	6.26^d
	Barley	162.59^c	19.49^b	5.63^d	4.00^e
	Corn	242.57^a	21.37^b	7.57^b	12.07^c
	Soybean meal	204.87^b	19.99^b	8.91^a	15.82^b
	Canola	123.47^d	19.80^b	4.35^e	12.37^c
	Wheat DDGS	197.15^b	36.81^a	3.84^f	5.66^d
	Corn DDGS	206.2^b	35.41^a	3.94^ef	20.28^a
	SEM	6.16	1.45	0.17	0.55
Wheat	No	164.9	20.18	5.01^e	7.63^f
	Yes	191.8	14.22	8.22^b	4.89^gh
Barley	No	149.0	22.4	4.28^fg	5.23^g
	Yes	176.1	16.53	6.99^c	2.77^h
Corn	No	233.89	25.18	6.11^d	14.97^d
	Yes	251.26	17.56	9.03^a	9.17^ef
Soybean meal	No	196.32	23.67	8.60^ab	20.64^b
	Yes	213.42	16.31	9.23^a	10.99^e
Canola	No	117.19	23.58	3.62^gh	16.56^cd
	Yes	129.75	16.02	5.08^e	8.18^f
Wheat DDGS	No	186.92	44.07	2.86ⁱ	7.53^f
	Yes	207.39	29.55	4.82^ef	3.79^gh
Corn DDGS	No	185.3	38.50	3.37^hi	23.18^a
	Yes	227.1	32.33	4.51^ef	17.38^c
	SEM	8.71	2.05	0.24	0.77
P-values
Yeast		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Substrate		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Yeast × substrate		0.711	0.393	<.0001	0.0003

^a–iWithin a variable and fixed effect, means with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

¹No = yeast not added; Yes = yeast added.

² A = total gas production (mL/g DM); B = time to half asymptote (h); R_max = rate of gas production (mL g⁻¹ DM h⁻¹); and T_max = time required to reach maximum rate of fermentation (h).

³DDGS = distillers dried grains with solubles.