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. 2019 Apr 3;5(4):eaav7199. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7199

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Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — (A) Preparation of UCNPs-Cas9@PEI. (B) NIR-triggered delivery of Cas9-sgRNA to the nucleus of the cell for gene editing: (I) attachment to the cell membrane, (II) endocytosis, (III) endosome escape, (IV) release from particles and step into the nucleus, and (V) search for the target DNA locus and initiate the DNA double-strand break for genome editing.