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Plasma concentrations (geometric mean ± SE) of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (A), TNF-α (B), IL-8 (C) and IL-10 (D) measured at baseline, day prior to surgery (day-1) and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7 in patients who received IMPACT preoperatively (solid symbols) compared with patients who received standard care (open symbols). aP < 0.05 vs standard care.
