Table 4.
All complications in patients who received either immunonutrition or standard care preoperatively
| IMN | STD | P value 1 | |
| Infectious complications | |||
| Urinary tract | 3 | 0 | |
| Surgical site | 2 | 2 | |
| Blood stream | 5 | 0 | |
| Gastrointestinal | 2 | 1 | |
| Lower respiratory tract | 3 | 3 | |
| Non Infectious complications | |||
| AF/Bradycardia/Tachycardia | 3 | 2 | |
| Acute kidney injury | 3 | 0 | |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 1 | 0 | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 1 | 0 | |
| Atelectasis | 7 | 6 | |
| Bowel obstruction | 1 | 3 | |
| Diarrhoea | 1 | 0 | |
| Electrolyte derangement | 4 | 3 | |
| Encephalopathy | 1 | 0 | |
| Hypotension | 2 | 0 | |
| Ileus | 4 | 2 | |
| Ischaemic optic neuropathy | 1 | 0 | |
| Leak | 1 | 0 | |
| Nausea and vomiting | 1 | 2 | |
| Pleural effusion | 5 | 3 | |
| Pain requiring epidural | 2 | 0 | |
| Pneumothorax | 1 | 0 | |
| Non infected collection | 1 | 0 | |
| Wound dehiscence | 1 | 0 | |
| Total infectious complications | 15 | 6 | |
| Total non-infectious complications | 40 | 21 | |
| Total complications | 55 | 27 | |
| Patients with an infectious complication | 10 | 4 | 0.087 |
| Patients with a non-infectious complication | 11 | 11 | 0.445 |
| Patients with any complication | 12 | 11 | 0.598 |
| Severity of complication | 0.047 | ||
| Patients with major complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥ III) | 7 | 1 | |
| Patients with minor complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade < III) | 5 | 10 | |
| Patients without any complication | 5 | 4 |
1
Fisher’s exact test. AF: Atrial fibrillation; IMN: Immunonutrition; STD: Standard care.