Table 3.
Effect of randomization to caloric restriction on body weight and composition from baseline to long-term follow-up
| EX Only | CR+EX | (CR+EX) – EX Only | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=21) | After Intervention (n=21) | After long-term follow-up (n=21) | Baseline (n=21) | After Intervention (n=18-21) | After long-term follow-up (n=21) | Difference in Changes from Baseline to After Intervention | Difference in Changes from Baseline to Long-term Follow-up | |
| Weight, kg | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 91.6 (17.1) | 88.1 (16.7) | 86.3 (17.4) | 91.8 (14.8) | 84.1 (16.2) | 88.6 (16.0) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) a | −3.50 (−5.85, −1.15) | −5.27 (−8.38, −2.16) | −7.69 (−10.0, −5.34) | −3.22 (−6.33, −0.11) | −4.19 (−7.52, −0.86) | 2.05 (−2.35, 6.45) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 33.1 (4.1) | 31.9 (4.4) | 31.6 (4.7) | 33.2 (3.8) | 30.4 (4.4) | 32.3 (4.0) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −1.22 (−2.09, −0.36) | −1.51 (−2.56, −0.45) | −2.85 (−3.71, −1.98) | −0.98 (−2.03, 0.08) | −1.62 (−2.85, −0.40) | 0.53 (−0.96, 2.02) | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 38.7 (8.2) | 36.4 (8.9) | 37.7 (9.0) | 36.0 (10.0) | 29.6 (10.9) | 36.8 (9.4) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −2.30 (−3.92, −0.69) | −1.02 (−3.39, 1.36) | −5.06 (−6.77, −3.35) | 0.79 (−1.59, 3.17) | −2.75 (−5.10, −0.40) | 1.80 (−1.56, 5.17) | ||
| Percent fat mass (%) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 42.3 (5.5) | 41.0 (6.5) | 43.4 (5.7) | 39.1 (8.5) | 36.1 (10.1) | 41.6 (7.4) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −1.26 (−2.40, −0.13) | 1.18 (−0.29, 2.65) | −2.51 (−3.72, −1.30) | 2.52 (1.05, 3.99) | −1.25 (−2.91, 0.42) | 1.34 (−0.74, 3.42) | ||
| Lean mass (kg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 50.8 (12.2) | 50.0 (11.9) | 46.4 (10.8) | 53.9 (11.4) | 49.9 (11.1) | 49.6 (11.1) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −0.78 (−1.71, 0.15) | −4.36 (−5.94, −2.78) | −3.10 (−4.10, −2.10) | −4.33 (−5.91, −2.75) | −2.32 (−3.69, −0.95) | 0.03 (−2.20, 2.26) | ||
| Percent lean mass (%) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 55.2 (5.3) | 56.7 (6.4) | 53.8 (5.6) | 58.7 (8.2) | 61.9 (10.0) | 55.9 (7.3) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | 1.49 ( 0.36, 2.62) | −1.36 (−2.87, 0.15) | 2.67 ( 1.47, 3.87) | −2.79 (−4.30, −1.28) | 1.18 (−0.47, 2.83) | −1.43 (−3.56, 0.70) | ||
| Appendicular lean mass (kg) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.5 (6.0) | 21.2 (5.8) | 19.4 (5.2) | 22.9 (6.0) | 21.0 (5.5) | 20.8 (5.3) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −0.30 (−0.75, 0.15) | −2.03 (−2.81, −1.24) | −1.67 (−2.15, −1.19) | −2.14 (−2.92, −1.35) | −1.37 (−2.03, −0.71) | −0.11 (−1.22, 1.00) | ||
| Skeletal muscle index (aLM/Ht2) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.7 (1.3) | 7.6 (1.2) | 7.0 (1.1) | 8.2 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.3) | 7.4 (1.4) | ||
| Change from baseline (95% CI) | −0.10 (−0.26, 0.06) | −0.71 (−0.96, −0.46) | −0.60 (−0.77, −0.43) | −0.76 (−1.01, −0.50) | −0.50 (−0.74, −0.27) | −0.04 (−0.40, 0.31) | ||
a
Change and 95% CI calculated from adjusted least squares means (adjusted for study) from general linear model for repeatedly measured outcomes using an unstructured covariance matrix to account for correlation within persons. Sample sizes vary as 3 individuals didn’t have DXA done at the end of intervention.
Abbreviations: EX, exercise; CR, caloric restriction; BMI, body mass index; aLM, appendicular lean mass; Ht, height; CI, confidence interval.