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. 2019 Mar 28;13:235. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00235

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Copyright © 2019 Bennett, Keeney and Brohawn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression of genes associated with homeostatic microglia (top graph), Stage 1 DAM (middle graph), and Stage 2 DAM (bottom graph) according to Keren-Shaul et al. (2017) in ALS and CTL cervical spinal cord samples. Gene alignments were based on paired-end (PE) Illumina sequencing of rRNA-depleted tissue total RNA, followed by removal of sequencing adapters (Trimmomatic^®) and alignment against the hg38 version of the human genome using Tophat2/Bowtie2 and quantitation with Cufflinks. All samples with mean CTL FPKM <2.0 were removed. Data are expressed as average ±SD of mean CTL gene expression. Two-way ANOVA results are shown in each graph. Unpaired t-tests for significance showed: (1), p = 0.055 (nearly significant); (2), p = 0.0032; (3) p = 0.040; (4), p = 0.046; (5), p = 0.0032; (6), p = 0.0018; (7), p = 0.021; (8), p = 0.0050; (9), p = 0.0038. n = 7 AlS and 8 CTL.