Table 1.
Chemical components identified from GD by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI+).
| Name | Rt (min) | Molecular weight | CAS | Content (ng/μL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-Phenylalanine | 2.983 | 165.0785 | 63-91-2 | 79.79 |
| L-Arginine | 1.201 | 174.111 | 74-79-3 | 6.23 |
| L-Tyrosine | 1.397 | 181.0732 | 60-18-4 | 6.58 |
| L-Glutamate | 1.313 | 147.0525 | 56-86-0 | 1.72 |
| L-Isoleucine | 2.072 | 131.0941 | 61-90-5 | 28.07 |
| L-Lysine | 1.16 | 146.1049 | 56-87-1 | 0.21 |
| L-Proline | 1.341 | 115.0628 | 147-85-3 | 3.61 |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 1.98 | 129.042 | 98-79-3 | 7.89 |
| Ferulic acid | 4.69 | 194.0573 | 1135-24-6 | 18.63 |
| Sinapic acid | 4.66 | 224.0675 | 530-59-6 | 43.02 |
| Styrene | 6.038 | 104.0621 | 100-42-5 | 0.39 |
| Chorismic acid | 3.906 | 226.0474 | 617-12-9 | 4.24 |
| m-Coumaric acid | 4.64 | 164.0467 | 588-30-7 | 78.65 |
| 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene | 3.232 | 126.0311 | 533-73-3 | 0.78 |
| Caffeic Acid | 4.48 | 180.0415 | 4607-41-4 | 3.03 |
| Thymol | 4.451 | 150.1038 | 89-83-8 | 15.89 |
| Adenosine | 1.965 | 267.0958 | 58-61-7 | 60.13 |
| Adenine | 1.957 | 135.0546 | 73-24-5 | 0.06 |
| Guanosine | 1.96 | 283.0908 | 118-00-3 | 3.02 |
| Guanine | 1.441 | 151.0487 | 73-40-5 | 1.98 |
| cAMP | 1.473 | 329.0502 | 60-92-4 | 11.12 |
| Quercetin 3-galactoside | 4.491 | 464.0946 | 482-36-0 | 3.94 |
| Arcapillin | 5.282 | 360.0832 | NA | 9.50 |
| Glyceollin | 5.928 | 338.1144 | NA | 0.02 |
| Isorhamnetin | 4.954 | 316.0571 | 480-19-3 | 0.65 |
| Malvidin | 5.267 | 330.0727 | 643-84-5 | 2.13 |
| Naringenin | 5.177 | 272.0675 | 480-41-1 | 0.07 |
| Quercetin | 4.988 | 302.0415 | 117-39-5 | 1.27 |
| Quercetin 3-(3-p-coumaroylglucoside) | 4.653 | 610.1301 | 76211-70-6 | 0.12 |
| Rhamnetin | 5.528 | 316.0572 | 480-19-3 | 0.03 |
| Taxifolin | 4.405 | 304.0572 | 480-18-2 | 0.09 |
| Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside | 4.334 | 594.1558 | 28338-59-2 | 0.29 |
| Diosmetin | 5.179 | 300.0621 | 520-34-3 | 0.51 |
| Eriodictyol | 4.51 | 288.0621 | 552-58-9 | 0.11 |
| Genistein | 4.478 | 270.0516 | 446-72-0 | 0.15 |
| Genistin | 4.476 | 432.1037 | 529-59-9 | 0.30 |
| Luteolin | 4.806 | 286.0465 | 491-70-3 | 1.53 |
| Pelargonidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) | 4.525 | 518.1035 | 165070-68-8 | 0.08 |
| Pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside | 4.389 | 578.1612 | NA | 0.72 |
| Petunidin 3-O-glucoside | 4.537 | 478.1092 | 6988-81-4 | 0.09 |
| Quercitrin | 4.503 | 448.0987 | 522-12-3 | 1.07 |
| Sakuranin | 4.532 | 448.1351 | NA | 0.10 |
| Scutellarein 5-glucuronide | 4.501 | 462.0778 | NA | 0.25 |
| Naringin | 4.482 | 580.1763 | 10236-47-2 | 0.64 |
| Gallocatechin | 1.388 | 306.0707 | NA | 4.92 |
| Peonidin 3-rhamnoside 5-glucoside | 13.76 | 609.1748 | 53859-11-3 | 0.26 |
| Hesperetin | 4.538 | 302.0778 | 520-33-2 | 0.58 |
| 2-Hexyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal | 5.773 | 216.1506 | 101-86-0 | 0.98 |
| DL-pipecolic acid | 1.925 | 129.0785 | 535-75-1 | 3.26 |
| Hydroquinidine | 4.963 | 326.1984 | 1435-55-8 | 0.03 |
| Hypoxanthine | 1.963 | 136.0379 | 68-94-0 | 0.25 |
| Trigonelline | 1.584 | 137.0471 | 535-83-1 | 0.63 |
| Xanthosine | 4.474 | 284.0787 | 146-80-5 | 0.20 |
| Caffeine | 4.413 | 194.0837 | 58-08-2 | 0.10 |
| D-Mannitol | 1.231 | 182.0785 | 69-65-8 | 0.72 |
| a-L-Rhamnose | 1.239 | 164.0679 | 6014-42-2 | 0.83 |
| Gibberellin A53 | 5.402 | 348.1923 | NA | 0.08 |
| Glutinosone | 5.699 | 220.1455 | 55051-94-0 | 0.37 |
| Plaunol B | 4.789 | 356.1247 | 69749-00-4 | 2.28 |
| Quillaic acid | 6.58 | 486.3329 | 631-01-6 | 8.02 |
| Genipin | 4.406 | 226.083 | 6902-77-8 | 12.45 |
| Medicagenic acid | 6.215 | 502.327 | 599-07-5 | 5.55 |
| p-Cymene | 4.894 | 134.1089 | NA | 0.56 |
| Pantothenic Acid | 3.524 | 219.1103 | 137-08-6 | 59.57 |
| Pyridoxine | 2.326 | 169.0736 | 65-23-6 | 1.04 |
| Pyridoxal | 3.258 | 167.0579 | 66-72-8 | 0.09 |
| Niacin | 5.633 | 123.0314 | 59-67-6 | 0.09 |
| Niacinamide | 1.985 | 122.0473 | 98-92-0 | 7.07 |
| Palmitic amide | 9.57 | 255.2558 | 629-54-9 | 8.89 |
| 13Z-Docosenamide | 13.06 | 337.3334 | 112-84-5 | 20.22 |
| Oleamide | 9.873 | 281.2709 | 301-02-0 | 34.54 |
| Stearamide | 12.982 | 283.2865 | 124-26-5 | 1.67 |
| Coumarin | 5.111 | 146.0362 | 91-64-5 | 1.58 |
| 3 Hydroxycoumarin | 3.902 | 162.0309 | 939-19-5 | 10.58 |
| Scopoletin | 4.766 | 192.0414 | NA | 3.25 |
| Benzoic acid | 4.7 | 122.0362 | 65-85-0 | 0.50 |
| α-ketoisovaleric acid | 1.86 | 116.0469 | 759-05-7 | 1.07 |
| Succinic acid | 1.957 | 118.0273 | 110-15-6 | 14.87 |
| nandrolone | 5.468 | 274.1923 | 434-22-0 | 1.36 |
| α-Linolenic Acid | 7.357 | 278.224 | 463-40-1 | 2.15 |
| Butyric acid | 1.866 | 88.0521 | 107-92-6 | 2.26 |
| LysoPC (16:0) | 7.257 | 495.3313 | NA | 9.12 |
| MG (0:0/18:3/0:0) | 6.214 | 352.2602 | NA | 1.28 |
| Indoleacrylic acid | 4.278 | 187.0625 | 1204-06-4 | 25.29 |
| Methyl cinnamate | 3.805 | 162.0675 | 103-26-4 | 15.33 |
| 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 2.276 | 220.0845 | 4350-09-8 | 7.11 |
| Indoleacetaldehyde | 2.371 | 159.0681 | NA | 0.98 |
| Acetylcholine | 2.005 | 145.1099 | 51-84-3 | 0.04 |
| Cinnamic acid | 3.612 | 148.0521 | 621-82-9 | 5.94 |
| Gingerol | 5.765 | 294.182 | 58253-27-3 | 1.93 |
| Hippuric acid | 4.356 | 179.0576 | 495-69-2 | 0.28 |
| Jasmolone | 5.898 | 180.1144 | 54383-66-3 | 5.56 |
| (-)-Jasmonic acid | 5.713 | 210.1247 | 6894-38-8 | 0.04 |
| Indole | 4.301 | 117.0573 | 120-72-9 | 19.62 |
| Methyl jasmonate | 4.519 | 224.1403 | 39924-52-2 | 12.53 |
| Phenylacetic acid | 4.746 | 136.0518 | 103-82-2 | 2.22 |
| Acetophenone | 4.403 | 120.0568 | 98-86-2 | 148.13 |
| Choline | 9.289 | 103.0991 | 62-49-7 | 2.23 |
| Tropic acid | 4.458 | 166.065 | 552-63-6 | 0.28 |