Time course of postprandial plasma concentrations from baseline up to 4 h postadministration (mean ± SEM, n = 12–13); (A) glucose, (B) insulin, (C) GLP-1, (D) paracetamol; significant effect of time postadministration in all parameters (P < 0.01). #significant difference between NWPI and DWPI; *significant difference between PBI and NWPI (treatment × time, P < 0.05); †significant difference between PBI and DWPI (treatment × time, P < 0.05). GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PBI, protein-based ingredient; NWPI, native whey protein isolate; DWPI, denatured whey protein isolate.