TABLE 3.

Area-under-the-curve values for plasma insulin and amino acids during the 4 h after feeding¹

	Native whey protein isolate	Denatured whey protein isolate	Protein-based ingredient
Insulin, mU/mL × min	3.13 ± 0.23	3.06 ± 0.29	3.06 ± 0.19
Total amino acids, mM × min	1736.38 ± 52.28a	1692.36 ± 89.02a	1928.16 ± 70.06b
Essential amino acids, mM × min	815.45 ± 33.19	786.71 ± 59.33	875.65 ± 51.35
Branched chain amino acids, mM × min	254.31 ± 9.11a	238.55 ± 17.60a	289.84 ± 13.76b
Ile, mM × min	64.91 ± 2.82	63.60 ± 4.07	65.67 ± 4.69
Leu, mM × min	103.94 ± 5.00	97.01 ± 8.24	107.41 ± 7.13
Val, mM × min	85.79 ± 3.50a	77.41 ± 6.04a	116.92 ± 3.74b
Arg, mM × min	31.31 ± 3.33a	32.25 ± 3.48a	38.36 ± 2.92b
His, mM × min	22.26 ± 2.62a	30.02 ± 3.83	33.91 ± 3.04b
Met, mM × min	48.75 ± 2.45a	40.53 ± 2.65b	57.89 ± 2.53c
Phe, mM × min	18.72 ± 1.18a	23.82 ± 2.21b	32.43 ± 1.09c
Trp, mM × min	19.99 ± 1.42a	17.32 ± 1.89	16.51 ± 1.24b
Gln, mM × min	150.69 ± 6.08	140.81 ± 6.33a	161.13 ± 7.72b
Glu, mM × min	39.17 ± 2.21	37.07 ± 2.84a	42.92 ± 2.57b
Pro, mM × min	81.44 ± 2.56a	83.00 ± 3.88a	141.83 ± 5.50b

¹Values are means ± SEMs (n = 12–13). Different superscript letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.