Table 2.

Neuropsychological assessments of T2DM group and HC group.

	Type 2 diabetes (n = 31)	Healthy controls (n = 30)	P-value
MMSE
Total	28.23 ± 1.87	28.43 ± 1.13	0.605
Orientation	9.94 ± 0.25	9.86 ± 0.34	0.306
Registration	2.90 ± 0.40	2.99 ± 0.02	0.211
Attention and Calculation	4.23 ± 1.28	3.97 ± 1.61	0.489
Recall	2.35 ± 0.80	2.40 ± 0.66	0.792
Language and Praxis	8.84 ± 0.37	8.78 ± 0.48	0.602
MoCA
Total	26.32 ± 2.43	25.63 ± 5.39	0.519
Executive Functions	0.71 ± 0.46	0.77 ± 0.40	0.563
Visuospatial Abilities	3.29 ± 0.86	3.19 ± 0.95	0.670
Naming Ability	3.00 ± 0	3.00 ± 0	1
Concentration	5.65 ± 0.71	5.60 ± 0.84	0.803
Language	2.77 ± 0.50	2.81 ± 0.53	0.771
Verbal abstraction	1.68 ± 0.48	60 ± 0.60	0.565
Recall	2.81 ± 1.54	3.52 ± 1.33	0.059
Orientation	5.96 ± 0.18	5.85 ± 0.57	0.311
CVLT
Trial 1	4.76 ± 1.93	5.12 ± 1.87	0.461
Trial 2	7.83 ± 2.52	8.09 ± 2.20	0.667
Trial 3	9.01 ± 2.94	9.96 ± 2.81	0.202
Trial 4	9.56 ± 2.70	11.47 ± 2.18	0.004*
Trial 5	10.39 ± 3.43	12.56 ± 2.41	0.006*
Trial 1–5	41.56 ± 12.09	47.20 ± 9.54	0.048*
Short delay free recall	7.24 ± 2.94	9.17 ± 3.05	0.014*
Short delay cued recall	8.54 ± 2.26	9.95 ± 2.38	0.021*
Long delay free recall	8.15 ± 2.96	9.50 ± 2.81	0.074
Long delay cued recall	8.53 ± 2.70	9.61 ± 2.41	0.104
STROOP
Correct	31.63 ± 10.48	45.17 ± 19.91	0.001*
Error	41.69 ± 7.64	36.63 ± 13.50	0.075
Omission	47.43 ± 9.82	38.86 ± 13.41	0.006*
Congruent Correct	4.88 ± 2.32	6.53 ± 3.58	0.037*
Congruent RT	191.67 ± 106.40	276.59 ± 176.46	0.026*
Incongruent Correct	14.09 ± 4.89	18.68 ± 8.38	0.011*
Incongruent RT	527.24 ± 243.23	795.67 ± 460.44	0.006*
Pronunciation Relevant Correct	3.40 ± 1.83	5.10 ± 3.70	0.026*
Pronunciation Relevant RT	134.27 ± 94.20	228.62 ± 195.87	0.002*
Irrelevant Correct	9.40 ± 4.49	15.02 ± 8.15	0.001*
Irrelevant RT	362.37 ± 222.61	647.84 ± 434.30	0.002*

Significant differences were labeled with asterisks. RT = Reaction time.