Figure 6.

GLP-1 inhibits JNK activation via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/PKA signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were preincubated with the adenylyl cyclase activator Forskolin (10 µM) or the PKA inhibitor H89 (10 µM) for 30 min, followed by treatment without or with GLP-1 (10 nmol/l) for 24 h. Cell extracts were prepared and analyzed by western blotting using anti-p-JNK, anti-JNK and anti-GAPDH antibodies. The results are representative of three independent experiments. ^&P<0.05 vs. control group; *P<0.05 vs. G group. GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PKA, protein kinase A; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; G, GLP-1 intervention; F, Forskolin intervention; p, phosphorylated; t, total.