Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors associated with overall survival
| Variables | Categories | n | 5‐year survival rate (%) | Median survival time (months) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | Hazard ratio | P | |||||
| Age (median, 66 years) | <66 | 105 | 23.0 | 27.7 (19.8‐35.6)) | 0.03 | ||
| ≥66 | 120 | 38.2 | 35.6 (22.5‐46.2) | ||||
| Sex | Male | 139 | 30.5 | 32.4 (21.2‐43.7) | 0.687 | ||
| Female | 87 | 29.2 | 29.2 (20.8‐37.6) | ||||
| Location | Ph | 140 | 26.0 | 27.7 (19.5‐36.0) | 0.134 | ||
| Pbt (Pt) | 85 (15) | 36.2 | 33.4 (20.7‐46.1) | ||||
| CA19‐9 (IU/L) (median, 155 IU/L) | <155.5 | 113 | 40.7 | 38.8 (24.1‐53.5) | 0.007 | 1.527 (1.056‐2.209) | 0.025 |
| ≥155.5 | 112 | 20.6 | 25.1 (20.8‐29.4) | ||||
| Size (median, 3.5 cm) | ≤3.5 | 118 | 40.1 | 41.7 (28.8‐54.6) | <0.001 | ||
| >3.5 | 107 | 19.8 | 20.1 (15.1‐25.1) | ||||
| Serosal invasion | Absent | 165 | 36.5 | 38.8 (30.2‐47.4) | <0.001 | ||
| Present | 60 | 13.1 | 19.1 (12.8‐25.4) | ||||
| Lymph node metastasis | Absent | 58 | 54.4 | 68.9 (21.5‐116.3) | 0.001 | 1.782 (1.095‐2.898) | 0.02 |
| Present | 167 | 21.3 | 26.0 (20.8‐31.1) | ||||
| Retroperitoneal invasion | Absent | 46 | 55.2 | 67.0 (18.0‐116.0) | 0.003 | ||
| Present | 179 | 24.3 | 27.7 (21.5‐34.0) | ||||
| Portal vein invasion | Absent | 125 | 30.5 | 32.4 (24.9‐39.9) | 0.345 | ||
| Present | 100 | 28.6 | 27.7 (19.0‐36.5) | ||||
| Nerve plexus invasion | Absent | 67 | 56.7 | 67.0 (50.4‐83.7) | <0.001 | 1.897 (1.133‐3.176) | 0.015 |
| Present | 158 | 20.4 | 23.9 (20.2‐27.6) | ||||
| Tumor grade | G1/G2 | 192 | 31.1 | 32.4 (26.2‐38.5) | 0.046 | 1.763 (1.033‐3.007) | 0.037 |
| G3 | 33 | 22.9 | 20.7 (10.3‐31.1) | ||||
| Lymphatic invasion | low | 46 | 45.3 | 42.3 (4.7‐79.9) | 0.020 | ||
| high | 179 | 26.7 | 27.9 (21.9‐33.9) | ||||
| Venous invasion | low | 51 | 54.6 | 67.0 (43.9‐90.2) | <0.001 | ||
| high | 174 | 22.4 | 25.5 (19.5‐31.5) | ||||
| Intrapancreatic neural invasion | low | 110 | 37.9 | 33.9 (21.3‐46.4) | 0.025 | ||
| high | 115 | 21.3 | 27.3 (21.3‐36.2) | ||||
| Surgical margin status | Negative | 138 | 38.7 | 41.4 (28.3‐54.5) | <0.001 | 1.597 (1.086‐2.349) | 0.017 |
| Positive | 87 | 17.3 | 19.7 (15.3‐24.0) | ||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | Yes | 99 | 36.5 | 43.2 (30.1‐56.3) | 0.001 | 1.769 (1.203‐2.602) | 0.004 |
| No | 126 | 24.2 | 23.4 (18.7‐28.1) | ||||
| Intrapancreatic neural density | low | 112 | 23.6 | 23.9 (20.6‐27.2) | 0.014 | 1.496 (1.018‐2.199) | 0.04 |
| high | 113 | 36.0 | 41.7 (32.2‐51.2) | ||||
| Intrapancreatic nerve number | low | 112 | 27.7 | 25.1 (20.3‐29.9) | 0.082 | ||
| high | 113 | 32.3 | 38.8 (29.9‐47.8) | ||||
| Intrapancreatic neural invasion ratio | high | 113 | 23.1 | 23.63 (17.63‐29.64) | 0.017 | ||
| low | 112 | 36.3 | 38.83 (29.26‐48.41) | ||||