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Comparison of procedures to increase outlet resistance.
| Procedure | Effectiveness | Need for augmentation | Difficult urethral CIC | Need of second procedures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection of bulking agents | 7–54% | Unknown | No | Common |
| Bladder neck reconfiguration | 54–68% | 100% | Often | Rare if done with augmentation |
| Slings | 36–80% | 80% | Often | Common when used alone |
| AUS | 54–100% | 30% | No | 30% |
| BN closure | 90% | yes | N/A | 39% |
