Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Variables | Meditation (n = 30) | Control (n = 17) | Statistical differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2, F or T | p-value | |||
| Sex (male/female) | 6/24 | 5/12 | 1.34 | 0.25 |
| Handedness (right/left)† | 26/4 | 17/0 | 2.48 | 0.12 |
| Age (years, ± SD) | 30.63 ± 4.97 | 31.71 ± 5.02 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
| Education (years, ± SD) | 16.53 ± 1.51 | 17.26 ± 1.62 | −1.62 | 0.11 |
| Religion (%) | 0.34 | 0.57 | ||
| None | 21 (70.0%) | 12 (70.6%) | ||
| Buddhism | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (11.8%) | ||
| Catholic | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (11.8%) | ||
| Presbyterian | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (5.9%) | ||
| Socioeconomic status (mean, ± SD)‡ | ||||
| Participants’ | 2.60 ± 0.56 | 2.53 ± 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.47 |
| Participants’ parents | 2.57 ± 0.82 | 2.74 ± 0.96 | 0.79 | 0.38 |
| RQT (mean, ± SD)§ | ||||
| Baseline | 90.83 ± 17.28 | 96.59 ± 0.30 | 3.19 | 0.08 |
| Immediate follow-up | 103.93 ± 13.27 | 103.76 ± 12.56 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| 3-month follow-up | 101.41 ± 17.65 | 98.53 ± 10.50 | 5.13 | <0.05 |
| CAMS (mean, ± SD)§§ | ||||
| Baseline | 28.40 ± 6.67 | 30.29 ± 4.43 | 3.35 | 0.07 |
| Immediate follow-up | 33.00 ± 6.59 | 32.88 ± 4.61 | 2.39 | 0.13 |
| 3-month follow-up | 32.19 ± 6.26 | 30.88 ± 4.64 | 3.30 | 0.08 |
†Annett Handedness scores. ‡Hollingshead socioeconomic status index, where 1–2 = high, and 4–5 = low. §Korean version of the Resilience Quotient Test. §§Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised.