Table 1.

Major animal models of early life stress corresponding to childhood trauma.

Study	Stress paradigm	Effects on behavior	Effects on brain biology
Bahari-Javan et al., 2017	Maternal separation	Short-term memory↓Prepulse inhibition↓Novel object recognition learning↓HDAC inhibitor MS-274 rescues ELS induced impairment in PPI and improves novel object recognition learning	Hdac1 mRNA↑HDAC1 protein↑DNA-methylation of the Hdac1 gene at the glucocorticoid receptor (GR-) binding site↓
Makinodan et al., 2012	Juvenile social isolation	Social interaction↓Working memory↓No reversed behavior by reintroduction to a social environment	Oligodendrocytes with simpler morphologyMyelin Basic Protein mRNA↓Myelin Associated Glycoprotein mRNA↓Myelin thickness↓Neuregulin1 type III mRNA↓
Varty et al., 2006	Isolation rearing	Prepulse inhibition↓