Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with AF by OAC, October 2010 to March 2017
| Characteristics | Warfarin (n=50 713) | Dabigatran (n=13 776) | Rivaroxaban (n=24 188) | Apixaban (n=23 510) | Total (n=112 187) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 73.2 (10.0) | 67.9 (11.5) | 69.4 (11.5) | 72.4 (10.9) | 71.6 (10.9) |
| Age, n (%) | |||||
| 18–64 y | 9 231 (18.2) | 5 120 (37.2) | 7 666 (31.7) | 5 291 (22.5) | 27 308 (24.3) |
| 65–74 y | 15 658 (30.9) | 4 272 (31.0) | 7 880 (32.6) | 7 402 (31.5) | 35 212 (31.4) |
| ≥ 75 y | 25 824 (50.9) | 4 384 (31.8) | 8 642 (35.7) | 10 817 (46.0) | 49 667 (44.3) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 28 678 (56.6) | 8 658 (62.9) | 14 486 (59.9) | 12 509 (53.2) | 64 331 (57.3) |
| Female | 22 035 (43.5) | 5 118 (37.2) | 9 702 (40.1) | 11 001 (46.8) | 47 856 (42.7) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 40 430 (79.7) | 11 131 (80.8) | 19 089 (78.9) | 18 093 (77.0) | 88 743 (79.1) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 4 279 (8.4) | 999 (7.3) | 1 854 (7.7) | 2 161 (9.2) | 9 293 (8.3) |
| Hispanic | 2 151 (4.2) | 550 (4.0) | 1 248 (5.2) | 1 218 (5.2) | 5 167 (4.6) |
| Asian | 793 (1.6) | 251 (1.8) | 527 (2.2) | 472 (2.0) | 2 043 (1.8) |
| Unknown | 3 060 (6.0) | 845 (6.1) | 1 470 (6.1) | 1 566 (6.7) | 6 941 (6.2) |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| ≤ High school | 20 866 (41.2) | 4 987 (36.2) | 7 525 (31.1) | 7 390 (31.4) | 40 768 (36.3) |
| Some college | 24 163 (47.7) | 6 385 (46.4) | 12 428 (51.4) | 11 987 (51.0) | 54 963 (49.0) |
| ≥ Bachelor degree | 4 504 (8.9) | 2 082 (15.1) | 3 620 (15.0) | 3 253 (13.8) | 13 459 (12.0) |
| Unknown | 1 180 (2.3) | 322 (2.3) | 615 (2.5) | 880 (3.7) | 2 997 (2.7) |
| Household net worth, n (%) | |||||
| Low (< $250,000) | 22 670 (44.7) | 5 428 (39.4) | 8 959 (37.0) | 8 966 (38.1) | 46 023 (41.0) |
| Medium ($250,000-$499,999) | 14 059 (27.7) | 3 762 (27.3) | 6 721 (27.8) | 6 198 (26.4) | 30 740 (27.4) |
| High (≥ $500,000) | 9 689 (19.1) | 3 552 (25.8) | 6 228 (25.8) | 5 766 (24.5) | 25 235 (22.5) |
| Unknown | 4 295 (8.5) | 1 034 (7.5) | 2 280 (9.4) | 2 580 (11.0) | 10 189 (9.1) |
| Prescriber specialty, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiologist | 14 308 (28.2) | 7 298 (53.0) | 11 343 (46.9) | 10 648 (45.3) | 43 597 (38.9) |
| Primary care physician | 20 604 (40.6) | 3 341 (24.3) | 6 000 (24.8) | 5 419 (23.1) | 35 364 (31.5) |
| Other/unknown | 15 801 (31.2) | 3 137 (22.8) | 6 845 (28.3) | 7 443 (31.7) | 33 226 (29.6) |
| Region of residence, n (%) | |||||
| Northeast | 7 603 (15.0) | 1 970 (14.3) | 3 769 (15.6) | 3 624 (15.4) | 16 966 (15.1) |
| Midwest | 20 397 (40.2) | 3 726 (27.1) | 7 268 (30.1) | 6 871 (29.2) | 38 262 (34.1) |
| South | 17 001 (33.5) | 6 428 (46.7) | 10 414 (43.1) | 10 511 (44.7) | 44 354 (39.5) |
| West | 5 712 (11.3) | 1 652 (12.0) | 2 737 (11.3) | 2 504 (10.7) | 12 605 (11.2) |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 3.0 (2.5) | 2.1 (2.1) | 2.2 (2.2) | 2.7 (2.4) | 2.7 (2.4) |
| CCI, n (%) | |||||
| 0–1 | 16 435 (32.4) | 6 723 (48.8) | 11 239 (46.5) | 8 992 (38.3) | 43 389 (38.7) |
| 2–3 | 15 748 (31.1) | 4 264 (31.0) | 7 462 (30.9) | 7 287 (31.0) | 34 761 (31.0) |
| ≥ 4 | 18 530 (36.5) | 2 789 (20.3) | 5 487 (22.7) | 7 231 (30.8) | 34 037 (30.3) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc, mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.9) | 3.5 (1.8) | 4.1 (1.8) | 4.0 (1.9) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc, n (%) | |||||
| 0–1 | 3 151 (6.2) | 2 267 (16.5) | 3 353 (13.9) | 2 062 (8.8) | 10 833 (9.7) |
| 2–3 | 13 070 (25.8) | 4 980 (36.2) | 8 604 (35.6) | 6 996 (29.8) | 33 650 (30.0) |
| ≥ 4 | 34 492 (68.0) | 6 529 (47.4) | 12 231 (50.6) | 14 452 (61.5) | 67 704 (60.4) |
| HAS-BLED, mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.3) |
| HAS-BLED, n (%) | |||||
| 0–1 | 6 572 (13.0) | 3 586 (26.0) | 5 391 (22.3) | 3 675 (15.6) | 19 224 (17.1) |
| 2 | 14 699 (29.0) | 4 401 (32.0) | 7 843 (32.4) | 6 918 (29.4) | 33 861 (30.2) |
| ≥ 3 | 29 442 (58.1) | 5 789 (42.0) | 10 954 (45.3) | 12 917 (54.9) | 59 102 (52.7) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 20 741 (40.9) | 3 915 (28.4) | 7 064 (29.2) | 8 071 (34.3) | 39 791 (35.5) |
| Hypertension | 44 353 (87.5) | 11 404 (82.8) | 20 164 (83.4) | 20 446 (87.0) | 96 367 (85.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 602 (38.7) | 4 247 (30.8) | 7 639 (31.6) | 8 063 (34.3) | 39 551 (35.3) |
| Prior stroke/TIA/TE | 8 268 (16.3) | 1 566 (11.4) | 2 619 (10.8) | 3 374 (14.4) | 15 827 (14.1) |
| Myocardial infarction | 7 886 (15.6) | 1 367 (9.9) | 2 494 (10.3) | 2 957 (12.6) | 14 704 (13.1) |
| Vascular disease | 27 681 (54.6) | 6 098 (44.3) | 10 659 (44.1) | 11 757 (50.0) | 56 195 (50.1) |
| Abnormal renal function | 11 725 (23.1) | 1 527 (11.1) | 3 074 (12.7) | 4 581 (19.5) | 20 907 (18.6) |
| Abnormal liver function | 2 954 (5.8) | 705 (5.1) | 1 349 (5.6) | 1 428 (6.1) | 6 436 (5.7) |
| Bleeding history or predisposition | 20 370 (40.2) | 3 845 (27.9) | 7 086 (29.3) | 8 124 (34.6) | 39 425 (35.1) |
| Alcohol abuse | 1 465 (2.9) | 413 (3.0) | 847 (3.5) | 738 (3.1) | 3 463 (3.1) |
| History of medication use, n (%) | |||||
| Antiplatelets | 6 796 (13.4) | 1 733 (12.6) | 3 040 (12.6) | 3 450 (14.7) | 15 019 (13.4) |
| NSAIDs | 9 290 (18.3) | 3 025 (22.0) | 5 333 (22.1) | 5 012 (21.3) | 22 660 (20.2) |
| Year, n (%) | |||||
| 2010Q4 | 2 974 (5.9) | 261 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 235 (2.9) |
| 2011 | 10 093 (19.9) | 4 923 (35.7) | 39 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 15 055 (13.4) |
| 2012 | 9 776 (19.3) | 3 733 (27.1) | 2 577 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 16 086 (14.3) |
| 2013 | 8 548 (16.9) | 1 996 (14.5) | 5 170 (21.4) | 1 140 (4.8) | 16 854 (15.0) |
| 2014 | 6 149 (12.1) | 934 (6.8) | 5 286 (21.9) | 3 324 (14.1) | 15 693 (14.0) |
| 2015 | 6 210 (12.2) | 618 (4.5) | 4 577 (18.9) | 6 067 (25.8) | 17 472 (15.6) |
| 2016 | 5 383 (10.6) | 1 022 (7.4) | 4 666 (19.3) | 9 219 (39.2) | 20 290 (18.1) |
| 2017Q1 | 1 580 (3.1) | 289 (2.1) | 1 873 (7.7) | 3 760 (16.0) | 7 502 (6.7) |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; OAC, oral anticoagulant; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TE, thromboembolism; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.