Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of 204 ICU survivors grouped by depressive symptoms at initial CCRC visit.
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 204) | Non-depressed (N = 139) | Depressed (N = 65) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 52.2 (13.6) | 54.7 (13.2) | 47.0 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 47.1 (96) | 47.5 (66) | 46.2 (30) | 0.86 |
| African-American race, % | 43.6 (89) | 47.4 (64) | 38.5 (25) | 0.31 |
| Education (years) | 11.7 (2.7) | 11.8 (2.8) | 11.4 (2.5) | 0.78 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Alcohol use disorder (current or previous), % | 33.5 (62) | 31.7 (40) | 37.3 (22) | 0.46 |
| Tobacco use disorder (current or previous), % | 72.6 (146) | 70.1 (96) | 76.9 (50) | 0.23 |
| History of depressionǂ, % | 48.0 (98) | 40.3 (56) | 64.6 (42) | <0.001 |
| CNS disorder, % | 48.5 (99) | 46.0 (64) | 53.8 (35) | 0.30 |
| Cardiac disease, % | 34.8 (71) | 39.6 (55) | 24.6 (16) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 30.4 (62) | 30.9 (43) | 29.2 (19) | 0.81 |
| Hypertension, % | 65.2 (133) | 68.3 (95) | 58.5 (38) | 0.17 |
| COPD and other lung disease, % | 47.5 (97) | 48.2 (67) | 46.2 (30) | 0.79 |
| Cancer, % | 15.2 (31) | 15.8 (22) | 13.8 (9) | 0.71 |
| Hospital characteristics* | ||||
| Length of hospitalization (days) | 18.7 (17.1) | 19.4 (18.1) | 17.1 (14.6) | 0.38 |
| Length of ICU (days) | 11.9 (12.9) | 12.4 (14.1) | 10.9 (9.9) | 0.48 |
| Delirium during entire hospitalization, % | 59.3 (121) | 58.3 (81) | 61.5 (40) | 0.66 |
| Respiratory failure, % | 85.8 (175) | 87.8 (122) | 81.5 (53) | 0.24 |
| Antidepressant prescription at hospital admission, % | 30.4 (56) | 25.2 (32) | 42.1 (24) | 0.021 |
| Antidepressant prescription at hospital discharge, % | 27.3 (52) | 22.1 (29) | 39.0 (23) | 0.016 |
| Initial CCRC visit information | ||||
| Time between initial visit in CCRC and discharge from the hospital (days) | 106.1 (103.09) | 105.7 (112.0) | 107.1 (79.9) | 0.93 |
| MMSE (0–30 points) | 25.6 (4.9) | 25.4 (5.0) | 26.1 (4.5) | 0.41 |
| Antidepressant prescription at initial CCRC visit, % | 33.8 (69) | 27.3 (38) | 47.7 (31) | 0.004 |
N = 193–204 except N = 185 for alcohol use, N = 189 for ICU stay, N = 184 for antidepressant at time of hospital admission, and N = 190 for antidepressant at time of hospital discharge.
Continuous variables were expressed as average (SD). Dichotomous variables were expressed as % (N).
P-values are from comparisons between the depressed and non-depressed groups.
Patients who were on any dose of a tricyclic antidepressant, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (e.g. mirtazapine), or norepinephrine and dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor (e.g. bupropion) were considered to be on an antidepressant. Antidepressant status was assessed at hospital admission, hospital discharge, and the initial CCRC visit prior to any treatment in the CCRC.
Depressive symptoms were defined as patients who indicated moderate to severe depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-30 ≥ 20 or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10) at the initial CCRC visit prior to treatment in the CCRC.
History of depression was defined as a diagnosis of depression based on informant report or chart diagnosis of depression.
Hospital stay with sentinel ICU stay resulting in CCRC referral
CNS = central nervous disease. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ICU = intensive care unit. MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.
Chi-squared testing was used to compare dichotomous outcomes for the 2 groups. Two-tailed T tests were used to compare continuous outcomes for the 2 groups.