Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in intervention vs. control groups: Mean, standard deviation and sample size (N) for continuous variables, and percent and sample size (N) for categorical variables
| Control | Intervention | P-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, yrs | 26.2 ± 6.5 (65/66) | 26.2 ± 6.3 (79/81) | 0.953 |
| Parity, # | 2.6 ± 1.9 (62/66) | 2.5 ± 1.6 (80/81) | 0.802 |
| Ethnicity, self-reported | |||
| Not indigenous | 7.3% (4/55) | 12.7% (9/71) | 0.327 |
| Mam | 78.2% (43/55) | 66.2% (47/71) | |
| K’iche’ | 14.5% (8/55) | 21.1% (15/71) | |
| Reproductive status | |||
| Infant 0 to 2 years old | 75.8% (50/66) | 82.7% (67/81) | 0.298 |
| Pregnant | 32.3% (21/65) | 19.8% (16/81) | 0.083 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 47.0% (31/66) | 39.5% (32/81) | 0.218 |
| Informal union, living with partner | 47.0% (31/66) | 45.7% (37/81) | |
| Single/widowed | 6.1% (4/66) | 14.8% (12/81) | |
| Formal schooling | |||
| None | 20.0% (11/55) | 14.1% (10/71) | 0.921 |
| Incomplete primary | 34.5% (19/55) | 42.3% (30/71) | |
| Complete primary | 23.6% (13/55) | 21.1% (15/71) | |
| Incomplete secondary | 14.5% (8/55) | 11.3% (8/71) | |
| Complete secondary | 5.5% (3/55) | 9.9% (7/71) | |
| Higher education | 1.8% (1/55) | 1.4% (1/71) | |
| Profession | |||
| Housewife | 92.4% (61/66) | 95.1% (77/81) | 0.732 |
| Living with... | |||
| Mother | 18.2% (12/66) | 23.5% (19/81) | 0.436 |
| Mother-in-law | 33.3% (22/66) | 32.1% (26/81) | 0.874 |
| Partner | 84.8% (56/66) | 80.2% (65/81) | 0.467 |
| Economic security | |||
| Economically insecure household | 57.4% (31/54) | 55.7% (39/70) | 0.850 |
| Household assets | |||
| Electricity | 7.3% (4/55) | 14.1% (10/71) | 0.228 |
| Refrigerator | 20.0% (11/55) | 26.8% (19/71) | 0.377 |
| Computer | 5.5% (3/55) | 4.2% (3/71) | 1.000 |
| Cellphone | 12.7% (7/55) | 16.9% (12/71) | 0.619 |
| TV | 58.2% (32/55) | 57.7% (41/71) | 0.961 |
| Separate room for children | 32.7% (18/55) | 28.2% (20/71) | 0.580 |
| Motorcycle or bicycle | 47.8% (11/55) | 52.2% (12/71) | 0.655 |
| Car or truck | 25.5% (14/55) | 46.5% (33/71) | 0.016 |
| Toilet | 96.4% (53/55) | 98.6% (70/71) | 0.580 |
| Faucet | 87.3% (48/55) | 87.3% (62/71) | 0.993 |
| Access to physical/emotional health provider | |||
| No one | 18.4% (9/49) | 34.8% (23/66) | 0.051 |
| Health worker | 46.9% (23/49) | 45.5% (30/66) | 0.245 |
| Doctor or nurse | 63.3% (31/49) | 45.5% (30/66) | 0.425 |
| Traditional healer | 8.2% (4/49) | 12.1% (8/66) | 0.265 |
| Religious leaders | 20.4% (10/49) | 19.7% (13/66) | 0.595 |
| Family | 73.5% (36/49) | 56.1% (37/66) | 0.740 |
| Infant nutritional status | |||
| Stunting | 61.2% (30/49) | 56.7% (38/67) | 0.349 |
| Wasting | 8.2% (4/49) | 1.5% (1/67) | 0.161 |
aP-value adjusted for multiple comparisons, significance level set at p < 0.001