TABLE 4.
Effects of morphine in assays of analgesia-related CPP
| Subjects | Pain Stimulus (Time before Conditioning) | Conditioning Sessions |
Morphine |
Result | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Duration | Dose (Route) | Time | ||||
| min | mg/kg | min | |||||
| Male SD rats | Intraplantar CFA | 6 | 60 | 0.3–5.6 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain = nonpain | Shippenberg et al., 1988 |
| Male SD rats | Intraplantar CFA (−1 day) | 8 | 60 | 3–10 (i.p.) | −0 | CPP in pain = nonpain | Sufka, 1994 |
| Male SD rats | Intraplantar carrageenan (−1 day), intraplantar formalin (−1 day) | 4 | 50 | 2–8 (i.p.) | −0 | No CPP in pain, CPP in nonpain | Suzuki et al., 1996 |
| Male SD rats | Partial nerve ligation (−4 days) | 6 | 60 | 4–8 (s.c.) | −0 | No CPP in pain, CPP in nonpain | Ozaki et al., 2002 |
| Male C57Bl/6J mice | Partial nerve ligation (−4 days) | 6 | 30 (2/day) | 2.5–5 (s.c.) | −0 | No CPP in pain, CPP in nonpain | Petraschka et al., 2007 |
| Female C57Bl/6J mice | Intraplantar carrageenan (−4 h) | 6 | 20 (2/day) | 10 (i.p.) | −5 | CPP in pain = nonpain | Betourne et al., 2008 |
| Intraplantar CFA (−4 h) | 6 | 20 (2/day) | 10 (i.p.) | −5 | No CPP in pain, CPP in nonpain | Betourne et al., 2008 | |
| Intraplantar tumor cells (−20 days) | 6 | 20 (2/day) | 10 (i.p.) | −5 | No CPP in pain, CPP in nonpain | Betourne et al., 2008 | |
| Male/female Tg mice | Partial nerve ligation (−3 days) | 6 | 60 | 5 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain < nonpain | Niikura et al., 2008 |
| Male SD rats | Spinal cord contusion (−2 days) | 4 | 45 (2/day) | 1.25, 2.5 (?) | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Woller et al., 2012 |
| Male SD rats | Paclitaxel treatment (−7 days), Oxaliplatin treatment (−7 days) | 6 | 60 | 4 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain ≤ nonpain | Mori et al., 2014 |
| Female Tg mice | Intraplantar CFA (−3 days) | 6 | 30 (2/day) | 0.1 (i.p.) | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Zhang et al., 2014 |
| Male SD rats | Spinal nerve ligation (−21 to −14 days) | 2 | 30 (2/day) | 0.5, 4.0 (i.v.) | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Navratilova et al., 2015 |
| Spinal nerve ligation (−21 to −14 days) | 2 | 30 (2/day) | 20 μg/side | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Navratilova et al., 2015 | |
| Paw incision (−1 day) | 2 | 30 (2/day) | 20 μg/side (rACC) | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Navratilova et al., 2015 | |
| Male/female C57BI/6 mice | Paclitaxel treatment (−3 days) | 6 | 30 | 0.3–10 (i.p.) | −15 | CPP in pain = nonpain | Neelakantan et al., 2016 |
| Male LE rats | Peripheral nerve injury (−6 days) | 8 | 30 | 1–8 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain ≥ nonpaina | Cahill et al., 2013 |
| Male/female SD rats | Intraplantar CFA (−1 days) | 2 | 45 | 1–12 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain ≤ nonpain | Armendariz and Nazarian, 2018 |
| Intraplantar CFA (−7 days) | 2 | 45 | 1–8 (s.c.) | −0 | CPP in pain > nonpaina | Armendariz and Nazarian, 2018 | |
LE, Long-Evans; rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex; SD, Sprague-Dawley; Tg, transgenic.
a
These results indicate an antinociceptive drug profile.