Table 3.
Behaviour change techniques included in intervention and control conditions
| Author (year of publication) | BCTs included in the intervention (target behaviour) * possibly; ** definitely | BCTs included in the control condition (target behaviour) * possibly; ** definitely |
|---|---|---|
| Bond et al. (2014) [30] Thomas & Bond (2015) [47] |
Face to face session: 5.1 Information about health consequences** (PA, sedentary behaviour) JITAI:1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA)1.4 Action planning** (PA) 1.6 Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal* (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) 10.4 Social reward** (PA) Final face-to-face visit:2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) |
No comparison arm. The three intervention arms differed in terms of content of the action plan and when the prompt was sent, so BCTs were identical across the intervention arms. |
| Ding (2016) [21] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)* (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 4.2 Information about antecedents ** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA): sensed |
1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour* (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues* (PA): randomly sent |
| Finkelstein et al. (2015) [32] Ouyang (2015) [48] |
1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Gouveia et al. (2015) [35] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.5 Review behavioural goal(s)** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour** (PA) 4.2 Information about antecedents* (PA) 5.1 Information about health consequences** (PA) 6.2 Social comparison* (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) 8.2 Behaviour substitution** (PA) 8.7 Graded tasks** (PA) 14.5 Remove reward* (PA) 10.4 Social reward** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| He and Agu (2014) [36] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.3 Goal setting (outcome)** (keep healthy, lose weight, burn calories) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 1.6 Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 2.7 Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour** (calories) 4.2 Information about antecedents* (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Hermens (2014) and Tabak (2014) [20] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.6 Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Lin (2011), Lin (2013), chapter 5 (combined as the same JITAI) | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Lin (2013), chapter 6 | Optimised prototype but no changes in BCTs | Not applicable |
| Pellegrini et al. (2015) [34] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Rabbi et al. (2015) JIMR (version 1.0) | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour** (PA) 2.5 Monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour without feedback** (calories expended) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) 8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal* (PA) 8.3 Habit formation** (PA) 8.7 Graded tasks* (PA) |
1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** 1.4 Action planning** |
| Rabbi et al. (2015) [25] UBICOMP (version 2.0) | Version 2.0 included all BCTs of version 1.0 (see above). Additional BCT in version 2.0: 1.5 Review behaviour goal(s)* (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Rajanna et al. (2014) [37] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.6 Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal** (PA) 6.2 Social comparison* (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) |
Not applicable |
| Van Dantzig et al. (2013) [33] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 1.9 Commitment* (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 5.1 Information about health consequences** (PA) 6.2 Social comparison ** (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) 9.1 Credible source* (PA) |
2.2 Feedback on behaviour* (PA) |
| Van Dantzig et al. (2018) [29] | 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour* (PA) 7.1 Prompts/cues** (PA) 8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal* (PA) 10.4 Social reward** (PA) |
1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)** (PA) 1.4 Action planning** (PA) 2.2 Feedback on behaviour** (PA) 4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behaviour* (PA) |
Notes: BCT behaviour change technique, PA physical activity. Numbering refers to the BCT Taxonomy v1 [16]