Table 1.
Baseline Demographic, Clinical, and Histologic Characteristics of All Subjects Who Underwent FFED
| Variable | N (%) |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients completing the FFED n = 78 |
Responders n = 50 (64%) |
Nonresponders n = 28 (36%) |
||
| Age, y, mean SD | 9.01 ± 4.88 | 9.21 ± 4.9 | 8.66 ± 4.92 | .6376 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 52 (66.67) | 29 (58) | 23 (82.14) | .0300a |
| Female | 26 (33.33) | 21 (42) | 5 (17.86) | |
| White, n (%) | 65 (83.33) | 39 (78) | 26 (92.86) | .1194 |
| Presenting symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Abdominal pain | 39 (50) | 25 (50) | 14 (50) | .9999 |
| Slow eating | 33 (42.31) | 21 (42) | 12 (42.86) | .9414 |
| Early satiety | 32 (41.03) | 21 (42) | 11 (39.29) | .8152 |
| Dysphagia | 27 (34.62) | 15 (30) | 12 (42.86) | .2522 |
| Vomiting | 24 (30.77) | 15 (30) | 9 (32.14) | .8441 |
| Poor appetite | 25 (32.05) | 16 (32) | 9 (32.14) | .9897 |
| Feeding difficulties | 21 (26.92) | 12 (24) | 9 (32.14) | .4367 |
| Regurgitation | 20 (25.64) | 12 (24) | 8 (28.57) | .6574 |
| Poor weight gain | 18 (23.08) | 12 (24) | 6 (21.43) | .7960 |
| Food impaction | 19 (24.36) | 14 (28) | 5 (17.86) | .3168 |
| Nausea | 18 (23.08) | 9 (18) | 9 (32.14) | .1550 |
| Pocketing food/spitting after chewing | 18 (23.08) | 12 (24) | 6 (21.43) | .7960 |
| Gagging/choking | 18 (23.08) | 13 (26) | 5 (17.86) | .4129 |
| Heartburn | 10 (12.82) | 5 (10) | 5 (17.86) | .4814 |
| Chest pain | 12 (15.38) | 6 (12) | 6 (21.43) | .3319 |
| Odynophagia | 8 (10.26) | 4 (8) | 4 (14.29) | .4478 |
| Nocturnal awakening caused by symptoms | 8 (10.26) | 5 (10) | 3 (10.71) | .9999 |
| Atopy, n (%) | ||||
| Eczema | 32 (41.03) | 20 (40) | 12 (42.86) | .8056 |
| IgE-mediated food allergy (n = 77) | 24 (31.17) | 12 (24.49) | 12 (42.86) | .0942a |
| Asthma | 22 (28.21) | 18 (36) | 4 (14.29) | .0409 |
| Allergic conjunctivitis | 14 (17.95) | 10 (20) | 4 (14.29) | .5281 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 46 (58.97) | 29 (58) | 17 (60.71) | .8152 |
| Family history (n = 77) , n (%) | ||||
| Rhinitis | 55 (71.43) | 32 (65.31) | 23 (82.14) | .1157 |
| Asthma | 40 (51.95) | 22 (44.9) | 18 (64.29) | .1014 |
| GERD | 41 (53.25) | 26 (53.06) | 15 (53.57) | .9656 |
| Food allergy | 34 (44.16) | 15 (30.61) | 19 (67.86) | .0015a |
| Eczema | 31 (40.26) | 18 (36.73) | 13 (46.43) | .4041 |
| Hiatal hernia | 17 (22.08) | 9 (18.37) | 8 (28.57) | .2990 |
| EoE | 11 (14.29) | 6 (12.24) | 5 (17.86) | .5157 |
| Stricture | 9 (11.69) | 6 (12.24) | 3 (10.71) | .9999 |
| Celiac | 4 (5.19) | 4 (8.16) | 0 (0) | .2903 |
| Recurrent vomiting | 4 (5.19) | 1 (2.04) | 3 (10.71) | .1337 |
| Common food allergens on skin prick test, n (%) | ||||
| Egg (n = 54) | 18 (33.33) | 10 (27.03) | 8 (47.06) | .1470 |
| Milk (n = 55) | 13 (23.64) | 9 (24.32) | 4 (22.22) | .9999 |
| Soy (n = 54) | 21 (38.89) | 12 (33.33) | 9 (50) | .2363 |
| Wheat (n = 53) | 11 (20.75) | 8 (22.22) | 3 (17.65) | .9999 |
| Food sensitization on serum-specific IgE test, n (%) | ||||
| Egg (n = 53) | 24 (45.28) | 11 (29.73) | 13 (81.25) | .0005a |
| Milk (n = 56) | 31 (55.36) | 18 (47.37) | 13 (72.22) | .0806a |
| Soy (n = 55) | 21 (38.18) | 10 (26.32) | 11 (64.71) | .0068a |
| Wheat (n = 53) | 24 (45.28) | 13 (34.21) | 11 (73.33) | .0100 |
| Endoscopy visual findings, n (%) | ||||
| Furrows (n = 76) | 56 (73.68) | 34 (70.83) | 22 (78.57) | .4599 |
| Edema (n = 75) | 53 (70.67) | 32 (66.67) | 21 (77.78) | .3104 |
| Exudates (n = 76) | 41 (53.95) | 24 (50) | 17 (60.71) | .3660 |
| Rings (n = 76) | 9 (11.84) | 5 (10.42) | 4 (14.29) | .7178 |
| Strictures (n = 76) | 1 (1.32) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.57) | .3684 |
| Baseline peak eosinophil count, median (IQR) | 60 (40–100) | 52.5 (40–85) | 80 (48–100) | .1211 |
| Posttreatment peak eosinophil count, median (IQR) | 8 (3–40) | 5 (1–8) | 51 (35.5–90) | <.0001a |
NOTE. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess differences in response groups for categorical variables. A 2-sample t-test was used to compare age between groups, and the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare baseline peak EOS and posttreatment EOS. EoE, eosinophilic esophagitis; FFED, 4-food elimination diet; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IQR, interquartile range.
a
P values < .05 were considered statistically significant.