Table 1.
Selected genes covered by the DMET platform and selected associated drug pathways.
| Gene | Selected associated drug pathways |
|---|---|
| Phase I enzymes | |
| CYP2A6 | Coumarin |
| Sm-12502 | |
| Tegafur | |
| CYP2B6 | 17-α-ethynylestradiol |
| Artemisinin | |
| Bupropion | |
| Clopidogrel | |
| Cyclophosphamide | |
| Diazepam | |
| Efavirenz | |
| Ifosfamide | |
| Ketamine | |
| Methadone | |
| Meperidine | |
| Mephenytoin | |
| Midazolam | |
| Nevirapine | |
| Propofol | |
| Selegiline | |
| Tamoxifen | |
| Thiotepa | |
| Ticlopidine | |
| CYP2C9 | Celecoxib |
| Cyclophosphamide | |
| Flurbiprofen | |
| Fluvastatin | |
| Glipizide | |
| Ibuprofen | |
| Ifosfamide | |
| Indomethacin | |
| Lornoxicam | |
| Phenytoin | |
| Raldecoxib | |
| Tolbutamide | |
| Warfarin | |
| CYP2C19 | Amitriptyline |
| Carbamazepine | |
| Carisoprodol | |
| Chloramphenicol | |
| Cimetidine | |
| Citalopram | |
| Clomipramine | |
| Clopidogrel | |
| Cyclophosphamide | |
| Felbamate | |
| Fluoxetine | |
| Fluvoxamine | |
| Hexobarbital | |
| Imipramine | |
| Indomethacin | |
| Ketoconazole | |
| Lansoprazole | |
| Lansoprazole | |
| Mephenytoin | |
| Mephobarbital | |
| Moclobemide | |
| Modafinil | |
| Nelfinavir | |
| Nilutamide | |
| Omeprazole | |
| Oxcarbazepine | |
| Pantoprazole | |
| Phenobarbitone | |
| Phenytoin | |
| Primidone | |
| Probenecid | |
| Progesterone | |
| Proguanil | |
| Propranolol | |
| Rabeprazole | |
| Rifampin | |
| Teniposide | |
| Ticlopidine | |
| Topiramate | |
| Warfarin | |
| CYP2D6 | Amitriptyline |
| Atomoxetine | |
| Carvedilol | |
| Chlorpheniramine | |
| Chlorpromazine | |
| Citalopram | |
| Clomipramine | |
| Clozapine | |
| Codeine | |
| Debrisoquine | |
| Desipramine | |
| Dextromethorphan | |
| Dihydrocodeine | |
| Doxepin | |
| Flecainide | |
| Fluoxetine | |
| Fluvoxamine | |
| Gefitinib | |
| Haloperidol | |
| Imipramine | |
| Maprotiline | |
| Metoprolol | |
| Mexiletine | |
| Mianserin | |
| Morphine | |
| Nortriptyline | |
| Paroxetine | |
| Perhexiline | |
| Perphenazine | |
| Propafenone | |
| Risperidone | |
| Sparteine | |
| Tamoxifen | |
| Thioridazine | |
| Timolol | |
| Tolterodine | |
| Tramadol | |
| Yohimbine | |
| Zuclopenthixol | |
| CYP3A4/5 | Alfentanil |
| Alprazolam | |
| Amlodipine | |
| Aripiprazole | |
| Astemizole | |
| Atorvastatin | |
| Buspirone | |
| Cafergot | |
| Cerivastatin | |
| Chlorpheniramine | |
| Cilostazol | |
| Cisapride | |
| Clarithromycin | |
| Codeine | |
| Ciclosporin | |
| Dapsone | |
| Dextromethorphan | |
| Diazepam | |
| Diltiazem | |
| Docetaxel | |
| Domperidone | |
| Eplerenone | |
| Erythromycin | |
| Estradiol | |
| Felodipine | |
| Fentanyl | |
| Finasteride | |
| Gleevec | |
| Haloperidol | |
| Hydrocortisone | |
| Indinavir | |
| Irinotecan | |
| Laam | |
| Lercanidipine | |
| Lidocaine | |
| Lovastatin | |
| Methadone | |
| Midazolam | |
| Nateglinide | |
| Nelfinavir | |
| Nifedipine | |
| Nisoldipine | |
| Nitrendipine | |
| Ondansetron | |
| Pimozide | |
| Progesterone | |
| Quinine | |
| Ritonavir | |
| Salmeterol | |
| Saquinavir | |
| Sildenafil | |
| Simvastatin | |
| Sirolimus | |
| Tacrolimus (FK506) | |
| Tamoxifen | |
| Taxol | |
| Telithromycin | |
| Terfenadine | |
| Terfenidine | |
| Testosterone | |
| Trazodone | |
| Triazolam | |
| Verapamil | |
| Vincristine | |
| Zaleplon | |
| Zolpidem | |
| Phase II enzymes | |
| ALDH1A1 | Cyclophosphamide |
| Ifosfamide | |
| Retinaldehyde | |
| COMT | Levodopa |
| DPYD | 5-fluorouracil |
| GSTP1 | Cisplatin |
| Cyclophosphamide | |
| Doxorubicin | |
| Etoposide | |
| Oxaliplatin | |
| Pyrimethamine | |
| NQO1 | Cisplatin |
| Dicumarol | |
| Doxorubicin | |
| TPMT | 6-mercaptopurine |
| 6-thioguanine | |
| UGT1A1 | Atazanavir |
| Etoposide | |
| Irinotecan | |
| Tamoxifen | |
| Transporters | |
| ABCB1 | Amitriptyline |
| Atorvastatin | |
| Clopidogrel | |
| Ciclosporin | |
| Daunorubicin | |
| Digoxin | |
| Doxorubicin | |
| Etoposide | |
| Exofenadine | |
| Indinavir | |
| Irinotecan | |
| Loperamide | |
| Paclitaxel | |
| Rhodamine 123 | |
| Ritonavir | |
| Saquinavir | |
| Tacrolimus | |
| Talinolol | |
| Topotecan | |
| Verapamil | |
| Vinblastine | |
| SLC19A1 | 10-edam |
| 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate | |
| Gw1843u89 | |
| Leucovorin | |
| Methotrexate | |
| Pemetrexed | |
| Raltrexed | |
| SLCO1B1 | Atorvastatin |
| Atrasentan | |
| Benzylpenicillin | |
| Bosentan | |
| Caspofungin | |
| Cerivastatin | |
| Clotrimazole | |
| Ciclosporin A | |
| Enalaprilat | |
| Irinotecan | |
| Lovastatin | |
| Methotrexate | |
| Mifepristone | |
| Olmesartan | |
| Paclitaxel | |
| Pioglitazone | |
| Pitavastatin | |
| Pravastatin | |
| Repaglinide | |
| Repaglinide | |
| Rifampicin | |
| Rifamycin SV | |
| Rosiglitazone | |
| Rosuvastatin | |
| Temocapril | |
| Troglitazone | |
| Troglitazone | |
| Valsartan | |
| Rifampicin | |
| Rifamycin SV | |
| Rosiglitazone | |
| Rosuvastatin | |
| Temocapril | |
| Troglitazone | |
| Troglitazone | |
| Valsartan | |
| Other | |
| HMGCR | Pravastatin |
| Atorvastatin | |
| Fluvastatin | |
| Lovastatin | |
| Simvastatin | |
| PTGIS | Celecoxib |
| TYMS | 5-fluoruracil |
| Gemcitabine | |
| Methotrexate | |
| Tomudex | |
| VKORC1 | Acenocoumarol |
| Coumarin | |
| Warfarin | |
Genes were selected if they were identified as VIP genes, and were related to the ADME properties, or pathways of therapeutics by PharmGKB [102].
ADME: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; DMET: Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters.