Table 2. Experimental details.

Experiment	Measurement	Sample concentration, volume used	Exposure per frame (s), on sample (s)†	Temperature (K)	Flow rate (µl s−1)
Lanthanum hexaborate for distance calibration	Single 2D powder diffraction image	LaB6 salt in 1 mm capillary	5, NA	298	NA
Light-induced conformational change in phytochromes	Difference scattering due to exposure to 780 and 660 nm light	14 mg ml−1, 400 µl	12, 0.5	298	0.5
Ca2+-induced structural change in SoPIP2;1	Difference scattering due to UV-laser-induced release of Ca2+	15 mg ml−1, 300 µl	30, 4.7	283	0.05

^†This value corresponds to the time required for the sample to flow 300 µm through the X-ray beam.