Table 1.

Diagnostic Criteria for HPS.

Presence of liver disease
Intrapulmonary vasodilatation	Positive contrast enhanced echocardiography, lung perfusion scanning
Gas exchange abnormality	arterial blood gas analysis: AaPO2 > 15 mmHg or > 20 mmHg in patients > 64 years

Abbreviations: AaPO₂: alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference