Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis for age at natural menopause and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women, the Rotterdam Study
| Continuousa | Age at natural menopause, years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <40 (premature) | 40–44 (early) | 45–55 (normal) | >55 (late) | ||
| Multivariable modelb | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.09 (1.48, 6.45) | 2.14 (1.15, 3.96) | 1.59 (0.93, 2.73) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + waist circumference | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.27 (1.60, 6.83) | 2.18 (1.17, 4.04) | 1.61 (0.94, 2.77) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + HDL-C + TG + LDL-C | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 3.65 (1.59, 6.93) | 2.17 (1.17, 4.03) | 1.62 (0.94, 2.78) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + serum TSH | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.04 (1.46, 6.35) | 2.15 (1.16, 3.99) | 1.59 (0.93, 2.73) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + DHEA | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.02 (1.45, 6.30) | 2.11 (1.14, 3.91) | 1.60 (0.93, 2.74) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + total oestradiol, total testosterone, SHBG | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.24 (1.55, 6.77) | 2.06 (1.11, 3.83) | 1.56 (0.91, 2.68) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + DHEAS and androstenedione | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.07 (1.47, 6.41) | 2.09 (1.13, 3.88) | 1.60 (0.93, 2.75) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + genetic risk score for age of natural menopause | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | 2.85 (1.35, 6.03) | 2.05 (1.09, 3.82) | 1.54 (0.90, 2.66) | Reference |
| Multivariable model excluding participants with prevalent CVD | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 2.43 (1.11, 5.31) | 1.79 (0.95, 3.36) | 1.48 (0.86, 2.55) | Reference |
| Multivariable model excluding the first 3 years of follow-up | 0.97 (0.95, 0.997) | 3.07 (1.29, 7.31) | 2.17 (1.05, 4.51) | 1.76 (0.93, 3.30) | Reference |
| Multivariable model + parental history of diabetesc | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 2.56 (1.16, 5.68) | 2.09 (1.10, 3.97) | 1.52 (0.87, 2.67) | Reference |
| Smoking status, former/never (n = 2921) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.998) | 2.32 (0.97, 5.55) | 2.25 (1.14, 4.43) | 1.55 (0.86, 2.79) | Reference |
| Hormone replacement therapy, non-user (n = 3544) | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | 3.00 (1.44, 6.25) | 2.03 (1.09, 3.79) | 1.57 (0.91, 2.69) | Reference |
| Lipid-lowering medication, non-user (n = 3139) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 2.73 (1.23, 6.07) | 1.74 (0.91, 3.33) | 1.42 (0.81, 2.49) | Reference |
| Baseline age, years | |||||
| <65 (n = 1876) | 0.96 (0.92, 0.99) | 7.59 (2.18, 26.41) | 3.91 (1.24, 12.30) | 2.83 (1.03, 7.79) | Reference |
| ≥65 (n = 1763) | 0.97 (0.94, 0.996) | 1.88 (0.70, 5.03) | 1.75 (0.84, 3.68) | 1.28 (0.67, 2.43) | Reference |
Data are HR (95% CI)
aPer 1 year increase in age
bAnalysis was restricted to RSI-3 and RSII-1 (n = 2541, 311 individuals with incident type 2 diabetes); 218 participants reported a parental history of diabetes
cMultivariable model included the following variables (see model 3 in Table 2): age at natural menopause (continuous or in categories); age (continuous); RSI, RSII and RSIII; hormone replacement therapy (yes vs no); age at menarche (continuous); number of pregnancies of at least 6 months’ duration (continuous); BMI (continuous); levels of glucose (continuous) and insulin (continuous); TC (continuous); use of lipid-lowering medication (yes vs no); systolic BP (continuous); use of antihypertensive medication (yes vs no); alcohol intake (continuous); smoking (current vs former/never); education level (low, intermediate or high); prevalent CVD (present vs not present); physical activity (continuous); and CRP level (continuous)
DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate