Fig 1. Clinical workflow of the Intraoperative Data Embedded Analytics (IDEA) algorithm for postoperative acute kidney injury prediction.

Phase I, all available health care data from the electronic health record and other public datasets is fed into the preoperative model. The preoperative model calculates a risk score for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and shares the risk score with the clinical team before the surgery. Phase II, the preoperative data is combined with intraoperative data and fed into the IDEA algorithm which calculates a risk score for postoperative acute kidney injury and shares the risk score with the clinical team after surgery.