Table 1. Number (#), absolute area (in μm2), and relative area (in %) of chloroplasts and fine structures on cross sections of control plants and plants grown under high light conditions, inoculated with Botrytis, and during senescence.
Control | High Light | Control | Botrytis | Control | Senescence | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# Chloroplasts Palisade (n = 100 each) |
8.7 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.4*** | 17.3 ± 0.4 | 9.1 ± 0.4*** | 12.9 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2*** |
# Chloroplasts Spongy (n = 100 each) | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3*** | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3*** | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2*** |
Chloroplast size in μm2 (n = 30 each) | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.5** | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.3*** | 10.4 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.2*** |
% Stroma | 65.8 ± 2.6 | 82.7 ± 2.6** | 62.0 ± 0.4 | 69.0 ± 1.3ns | 55.4 ± 1.7 | 57.2 ± 1.7ns |
% Thylakoids | 20.7 ± 1.1 | 16.2 ± 1.1** | 24.5 ± 0.8 | 15.6 ± 0.7*** | 27.2 ± 1.0 | 13.2 ± 1.0*** |
% Starch | 12.9 ± 2.7 | 0.0*** | 12.9 ± 1.6 | 0.0*** | 17.2 ± 1.6 | 0.0*** |
% Plastoglobules | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0*** | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 15.4 ± 0.1*** | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 29.6 ± 0.1*** |
Data are means with standard errors and represent the number (#) of chloroplasts in palisade and spongy parenchyma on semi-thin sections of leaves, the area of chloroplasts in μm2, and the relative areas in percent of stroma, thylakoids, starch, and plastoglobules on ultra-thin sections of cells. These data have been used to calculate the changes displayed in Figs 2 and 3. The number of chloroplasts was determined on at least 100 sectioned cells for each treatment by light microscopy while the size and ultrastructure of chloroplasts was determined on at least 30 sectioned chloroplasts for each treatment by TEM. Significant differences between stressed plants and the according controls were calculated using the Mann- Whitney U test
** and *** indicate a significance at a level of confidence of p<0.01 and p<0.001; ns = not significant different.