TABLE. Characteristics of 22 patients with candidemia and a history of injection drug use — Denver metropolitan area, Colorado, May 2017–August 2018.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
|
Mean age, yrs (range)
|
37 (21–59) |
|
Sex
| |
| Women |
14 (64) |
| Men |
8 (36) |
|
Race
| |
| White |
18 (82) |
| Asian |
1 (5) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
1 (5) |
| Unknown |
2 (9) |
|
Ethnicity
| |
| Not Hispanic or Latino |
18 (82) |
| Hispanic or Latino |
4 (18) |
|
Comorbidities
| |
| Hepatitis C, chronic |
9 (41) |
| Hepatitis C, acute |
1 (5) |
| Hepatitis B, chronic |
1 (5) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection |
1 (5) |
| Chronic lung disease* |
4 (18) |
| Neurologic condition† |
8 (36) |
| Diabetes |
5 (23) |
| Alcohol abuse |
4 (18) |
| Smoking tobacco |
18 (82) |
|
Experiencing homelessness/Transitional housing
|
11 (50) |
|
Outcome
| |
| Died |
4 (18) |
| Left against medical advice |
3 (14) |
| Survived |
15 (68) |
|
Candida species in incident blood culture§
| |
|
Candida glabrata
|
8 (35) |
|
Candida albicans
|
6 (26) |
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
3 (13) |
|
Candida dubliniensis
|
2 (9) |
|
Candida lusitaniae
|
1 (4) |
|
Candida lypolitica
|
1 (4) |
|
Candida rugosa
|
1 (4) |
|
C. albicans and Candida famata
|
1 (4) |
|
Epidemiologic class§
| |
| Community-onset¶ |
10 (43) |
| Health care–associated, community-onset** |
4 (17) |
| Hospital-onset†† |
9 (39) |
|
Hospitalization for candidemia (median days, range)§
|
23 (10, 1–139) |
|
Risk factors before Candida-positive blood culture§
| |
| Admission to an intensive care unit§§ |
6 (26) |
| Recent abdominal surgery |
0 |
| Presence of a central venous catheter¶¶ |
11 (48) |
| Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics§§ |
20 (87) |
| Receipt of total parenteral nutrition | 0 |
* Includes chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, and asthma.
† Includes epilepsy/seizure/seizure disorder and neuropathy.
§ Among 23 candidemia cases, which included one recurrent case.
¶ Positive blood culture <3 days after hospital admission without prior health care exposures in the previous 90 days.
** Positive blood culture collected <3 days after hospital admission with prior health care exposure in the previous 90 days.
†† Positive blood culture collected ≥3 days into hospital admission.
§§ 14 days before the Candida-positive blood culture.
¶¶ On the day of, or in the 2 calendar days before the Candida-positive blood culture.