Fig 3. Hypoxia favors survival of MSCs while decreasing immune cell fractions.

(A) Frequency of immune cell populations (granulocytes, CD14+ monocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells) and MSCs (CD29+, CD 105+, CD14-) negative for 7-AAD in the FH models cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium under hypoxic conditions (37°C, 5% CO₂, 1% O₂) for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h (mean ± SEM, n = 3). Depicted is the frequency of total cells and the corresponding frequencies of the cell populations. (B) Spatial distribution of cells within the FH model as determined by DAPI-staining and depicted as representative staining for 0, 24, and 48 h of incubation (The dotted line indicates the border of the in vitro hematoma; FH = area of the fracture hematoma model and OA = outer area).