Microbial community structure was analyzed 1 week following xenotransplantation into alcohol and HIV-naïve mice, prior to S. pneumoniae infection. (A) No significant changes to the microbial α-diversity where observed between any group. (B) β-diversity of the xenotransplanted microbial communities from alcohol-fed, pair-fed mice, HIV infection alcohol-fed mice, and HIV-infected pair-fed mice. Significant differences in the β-diversity of the xenotransplanted microbial communities were seen between; HIV-infected alcohol-fed mice compared to HIV-infected pair-fed mice, HIV-negative alcohol-fed mice compared to HIV-negative pair-fed mice, HIV-infected pair-fed mice compared to HIV-negative pair-fed mice, and HIV-infected alcohol-fed mice compared to HIV-negative alcohol-fed mice via vegan. (C) Xenotransplanted microbiota from HIV-infected mice alters the realative abundance of specific OTUs compared to xenotransplanted microbiota from HIV-negative pair-fed mice. Postive changes indicate the genus is more abundant in the HIV-infected xenotransplanted microbiota, while negative values indicate that the genus is more abundant in the HIV-negative xenotransplanted microbiota. (D) Xenotransplanted microbiota from alcohol-fed mice alters the realative abundance of of specific OTUs compared to xenotransplanted microbiota from pair-fed HIV-infected mice. Postive changes indicate the genus is more abundant in the pair-fed xenotransplanted microbiota, while negative values indicate that the genus is more abundant in the alcohol-fed xenotransplanted microbiota (E) Xenotransplanted microbiota from HIV-infected mice alters the realative abundance of specific OTUs compared to xenotransplanted microbiota from HIV-negative alcohol-fed mice. Postive changes indicate the genus is more abundant in the HIV-infected xenotransplanted microbiota, while negative values indicate that the genus is more abundant in the HIV-negative xenotransplanted microbiota. (F) Xenotransplanted microbiota from alcohol-fed mice alters the realative abundance of specific OTUs compared to xenotransplanted microbiota from HIV-negative pair-fed mice. Postive changes indicate the genus is more abundant in the pair-fed xenotransplanted microbiota, while negative values indicate that the genus is more abundant in the alcohol-fed xenotransplanted microbiota.