Table 3.

Mean predictive ability after 50 cycles of cross-validation using two TP optimization methods (Random and PEVmean) for heading date, plant height and powdery mildew resistance calculated and averaged across seven TP sizes. Genomic selection models used only phenotypic data available from the historical series or incorporated phenotypic data from a common environment (Raleigh 2016) along with the historical series

	All locations	Historical data
Heading date
Random	0.59**	0.53
PEVmean	0.66**	0.58
Plant height
Random	0.57	0.57
PEVmean	0.62	0.62
Powdery mildew resistance
Random	0.48	0.48
PEVmean	0.53	0.52

**Significant at α = 0.01