Fig. 4.

a Initiation of anaphase II occurs with the ubiquitination of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Once activated, the APC/C targets Securin (Pds1) for degradation, enabling the activation of separase (Esp1) which targets Rec8 for cleavage. Shugoshin protein (Sgo1) in complex with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and its regulatory subunit Rts1 protect the cohesion until the onset of anaphase II.^88,89 Hrr25 and Cdc14 contribute to the phosphorylation of Rec8 which is important in the cohesion cleavage.^80–82 b The statistic describes the percentage of expected upregulated genes with increased rate at the onset of anaphase II (relatively to the average rate, z-score > 0). Gray bars represent the mean percentage based on 100 randomization, error bars represent the standard deviations (Methods). Corresponding p-values comparing the real and random numbers are denoted. c, d Relative rates (z-scores) of transcription, translation elongation and translation initiation for genes participating in early c and late d anaphase II. The expectedly upregulated genes (purple labels) are separated from the expectedly downregulated ones (green labels) by a vertical dashed line. Red x symbols denote genes for which IR could not be inferred