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. 2019 Mar 29;10:649. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00649

Table 5.

Data for the major GH families identified in our study and other studies.

Enzyme and CAZy family Major activity % of each group relative to total GHs identified in each dataset
Holstein cow Holstein Jersey Buffaloc HF
(this study) cowa cowb crossd
HF
 LF
 SEM3 P-Value4
 AF AF AF AF
(1h) (no found) (3h) (2h)
BF AF BF AF Feed Time Feed∗time
(0h)1 (4h)2 (0h) (4h)
Cellulases
GH5 Cellulases, endoglucanase 4.22 3.89 3.52 3.68 0.008 ∗∗ NS ∗ 9.41 7.45 1.51 2.40
GH6 endoglucanase 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.35 0.31 0.00 0.00
GH7 endoglucanase 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
GH9 endoglucanase 1.54 1.39 0.93 0.94 0.003 ∗∗ NS NS 13.71 2.48 0.26 0.80
GH44 endoglucanase 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.03
GH45 endoglucanase 0.00 0.00 0 0 3.94 0.00 0.05 0.08
GH48 cellobiohydrolases 0.00 0.00 0 0 7.65 0.00 0.00 0.03
GH88 β-glucuronyl hydrolase 0.32 0.26 0.18 0.18 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.00
GH95 α-L -fucosidase 2.31 2.40 3.46 2.36 0.004 NS NS NS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Subtotal 8.39 7.94 8.09 7.16 35.40 10.25 3.43 3.34
Endo-hemicellulases
GH8 Endoxylanses, 0.50 0.62 0.82 0.79 0.003 ∗∗ NS NS 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.22
GH10 endo-1,4-β-xylanases 0.80 0.95 0.94 0.89 0.003 NS NS ∗ 8.48 10.87 2.65 1.30
GH11 xylanases 0.00 0.00 0 0 4.78 0.00 0.16 0.20
GH12 xyloglucanases 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.62
GH26 β-mannanase and xylanases 1.01 1.00 1.01 0.92 0.002 NS NS NS 3.12 0.31 1.04 0.3
GH28 Polygalacturonase 3.31 3.33 4.23 4.1 0.007 ∗∗ NS NS 1.26 0.00 0.21 0.2
GH53 endo-1,4-β-galactanases 1.24 1.38 1.4 1.41 0.005 ∗ NS NS 1.84 5.59 1.46 6.75
Subtotal 6.86 7.28 8.41 8.11 20.59 17.08 5.51 10.07
Oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes
GH1 β-glucosidases 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.07 ∗ NS NS 5.07 3.11 0.05 3.75
GH2 β-galactosidases 9.53 9.72 9.16 8.88 0.043 ∗∗ NS NS 6.01 4.97 10.03 5.48
GH3 β-glucosidases 10.82 11.20 12.51 12.4 0.035 ∗∗ NS NS 12.20 14.91 18.35 9.37
GH13 α-Amylase 5.14 5.28 6.76 2.22 0.050 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 4.66 3.95 5.48
GH18 Chitinase 0.41 0.38 0.63 0.59 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.62 0.42 5.06
GH20 β-Hexosaminidase 1.90 1.70 0.74 0.8 0.007 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.31 3.17 2.75
GH27 α-Galactosidase 0.71 0.65 0.32 0.31 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.31 1.77 0.40
GH29 α-L -fucosidosis 1.90 1.65 1.15 1.21 0.006 ∗∗ NS ∗ 1.64 0.93 2.29 0.82
GH31 α-Glucosidase 4.01 4.18 4.38 4.3 0.023 NS NS NS 0.00 1.55 5.09 2.00
GH32 Invertase, endo-inulinase 1.76 1.91 2.36 2.31 0.005 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 2.48 1.56 2.25
GH35 β-galactosidases 0.76 0.77 0.94 0.92 ∗∗ NS NS 0.67 0.62 0.78 0.48
GH38 α-mannosidases 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 ∗∗ ∗∗ ∗∗ 0.47 0.31 0.26 1.89
GH39 β-xylosidases 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 NS NS ∗∗ 0.37 5.59 0.00 4.10
GH42 β-galactosidases 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.05 ∗∗ ∗ ∗ 0.79 0.00 0.10 0.04
GH43 arabino/xylosidases 10.24 10.63 11.29 11.34 0.056 ∗∗ NS NS 9.35 8.70 2.96 2.58
GH52 β-xylosidases 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00
GH57 α-Amylase 1.23 1.20 1.04 1.05 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.60
GH92 α-1,2-mannosidase 3.29 2.83 1.98 2.3 0.018 ∗∗ NS ∗∗ 1.24 7.02 2.58
GH94 cellobiose phosphorylase 0.91 0.94 1.15 0.97 0.001 ∗∗ ∗ ∗∗ 33.43 0.00 1.14
GH97 α-Glucosidase 4.87 5.00 5.06 5.13 0.008 NS NS NS 0.00 0.00 5.98 1.28
GH130 β-1,4-Mannosylglucose phosphorylase 1.13 1.11 0.97 0.94 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69
Subtotal 58.73 59.25 60.64 55.81 40.19 50.31 65.49 51.59
Debranching enzymes
GH23 Peptidoglycan lyase 1.73 1.64 1.35 1.51 0.003 ∗∗ NS ∗ 0.00 1.55 3.17 4.99
GH33 trans-Sialidase 1.06 0.89 0.42 0.45 0.002 ∗∗ NS ∗ 0.00 1.24 0.31 1.42
GH51 α-L -arabino furanosidases 3.61 3.65 3.88 3.67 0.012 NS NS NS 1.50 0.31 1.35 0.60
GH54 α-L -arabino furanosidases 0.23 0.21 0.013 0.007 ∗∗ NS ∗ 0.08 0.00 0.42 0.13
GH62 α-L -arabino furanosidases 0.00 0.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
GH67 α-glucuronidases 0.88 0.94 1.11 1.14 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.43 0.00 2.49 0.36
GH77 4-α-Glucanotransferase 0.37 0.33 0.61 0.65 ∗∗ NS ∗ 0.31 2.81 1.61
GH78 α-L -rhamnosidase 2.19 2.03 1.47 1.37 0.005 ∗∗ ∗ NS 1.80 4.04 2.86 1.73
GH84 N-Acetyl 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.24 ∗∗ ∗∗ ∗∗ 3.81 0.31 0.21 2.06
GH103 β-glucosaminidase transglycosylase 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.32 0.001 ∗∗ NS NS 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36
GH127 α-Galactosidase 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.26 0.002 ∗ NS NS 0.00 0.00 4.26 1.57
Subtotal 11.46 11.04 10.55 10.62 7.62 7.76 17.88 15.84

1BF (0h), before feeding (0 h); 2AF (4h), after feeding (4 h); 3SEM for feed × time; 4NS, not significant (P > 0.05); ∗, (0.01 < P < 0.05); ∗∗, (P < 0.01). (a) Dai et al. (2015), shotgun metagenomic sequencing using the Roche 454 GS FLX. Each number is the average of two Holstein cow rumen samples. (b) Wang et al. (2013), shotgun metagenomic sequencing using the Roche GS FLX. Each number is the average of two Jersey cow rumen samples. (c) Patel et al. (2014), shotgun metagenomic sequencing using Life Ion Torrent PGM. Each number is the average of four Buffalo rumen samples. (d) Jose et al. (2017b), shotgun metagenomic sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Each number is the average of three HF cross rumen samples.