Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Material | Design | Country | NOS | Female | Mean Age | AD Assessment | Collection time | Methods | Frozen | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aldred and Mecocci, 2010 | Plasma | Case-control | UK | 5 | 45 (63%) | 80.0 ± 4.0 | NINCDS-ADRDA | NR | ELISA | −80°C | Moderate |
| Armanini et al., 2003 | Plasma | Case-control | Italy | 5 | 18 (78%) | 68.0 ± 4.3 | NINCDS-ADRDA | AM | ELISA | NR | Moderate |
| Attal-Khémis et al., 1998 | Serum | Case-control | France | 6 | 10 (100%) | 82.1 ± 7.0 | NINCDS-ADRDA | AM | GC/MS | −80°C | Severe |
| Bo et al., 2006 | Serum | Case-control | Italy | 8 | 112 (71%) | 75.5 ± 6.7 | NINCDS-ARDRA | NR | ELISA | NR | Moderate |
| Brown et al., 2003 | CSF | Case-control | USA | 5 | 6 (50%) | 74.6 ± 7.2 | DSM | NR | RIA | −80°C | Severe |
| Carlson et al., 1999 | Plasma | Case-control | Canada | 7 | 26 (50%) | 75.9 ± 1.1 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −50°C | Mild |
| Cho et al., 2006 | Plasma | Case-control | Korea | 6 | 20 (100%) | 75.2 ± 7.7 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | HPLC | −20°C | Mild |
| Ferrari et al., 2000 | Serum | Case-control | Italy | 5 | NR | 81.4 ± 0.8 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −20°C | Severe |
| Gulnora et al., 2015 | Serum | Case-control | Uzbekistan | 6 | 18 (30%) | 61.3 ± 5.7 | NINCDS-ARDRA | NR | ELISA | NR | Moderate |
| Hillen et al., 2000 | Plasma | Case-control | Germany | 8 | 14 (50%) | 87.2 ± 1.9 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | ELISA | NR | Moderate |
| Hoskin et al., 2004 | Serum | Case-control | USA | 6 | 179 (100%) | 80.7 ± 7.3 | NINCDS-ARDRA | NR | RIA | NR | Moderate |
| Leblhuber et al., 1991 | Serum | Case-control | Austria | 6 | 10 (100%) | 75.4 ± 4.6 | DSM-III | AM | ELISA | −20°C | Severe |
| Leblhuber et al., 1992 | Plasma | Case-control | Austria | 5 | 10 (56%) | 46.2+21.2 | DSM-III | AM | ELISA | −20°C | Moderate |
| Leblhuber et al., 1993 | Plasma | Case-control | Austria | 6 | 11 (54%) | 76.3 ± 7.1 | DSM-III | AM | ELISA | −20°C | Severe |
| Magri et al., 2000 | Serum | Case-control | Italy | 5 | 14 (61%) | 80.5 ± 2.5 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −20°C | Moderate |
| Marx et al., 2006 | CSF | Case-control | USA | 5 | 0 (0%) | 83.0 ± 7.5 | NINCDS-ARDRA | NR | GC/MS | NR | Severe |
| Masera et al., 2002 | Serum | Case-control | Italy | 6 | 6 (38%) | 66.9 ± 1.9 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | NR | Moderate |
| Murialdo et al., 2000 | Plasma | Case-control | Italy | 6 | 11 (79%) | 72.1 ± 6.7 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −20°C | Moderate |
| Naylor et al., 2007 | CSF | Case-control | USA | 5 | NR | 81.0 ± 6.5 | DSM | NR | GC/MS | NR | Severe |
| Naylor et al., 2010 | CSF | Case-control | USA | 5 | 23 (58%) | 82.0 ± 3.7 | NINCDS-ARDRA | NR | GC/MS | NR | Severe |
| Näsman et al., 1991 | Serum | Case-control | Sweden | 5 | 51 (59%) | 77.6 ± 0.7 | DSM-III | AM | RIA | NR | Severe |
| Nasman et al., 1995 | Serum | Case-control | Sweden | 6 | 10 (18%) | 74.6 ± 6.5 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −70°C | Moderate |
| Näsman et al., 1996 | Plasma | Case-control | Sweden | 8 | 15 (65%) | 74.2 ± 7.4 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −70°C | Moderate |
| Rasmuson et al., 1998 | Serum | Case-control | Sweden | 6 | 8 (62%) | 78.0 ± 8.4 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | NR | Moderate |
| Rasmuson et al., 2002 | Serum | Case-control | Sweden | 6 | 21 (64%) | 76.4 ± 7.8 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | 4°C | Moderate |
| Ray et al., 2013 | Serum | Case-control | India | 5 | 12 (30%) | 68.5 ± 3.9 | DSM-IV | NR | ELISA | −20°C | Severe |
| Schneider et al., 1992 | Plasma | Case-control | USA | 5 | 20 (57%) | 69.3 ± 6.9 | DSM-III | AM | RIA | NR | Moderate |
| Schupf et al., 2006 | Serum | Case-control | USA | 5 | 17 (100%) | 55.2 ± 1.5 | NINCDS-ARDRA | AM | RIA | −20°C | Mild |
| Solerte et al., 1999 | Serum | Case-control | Italy | 6 | 8 (57%) | 76.0 ± 6.1 | DSM-III | AM | RIA | NR | Moderate |
| Sunderland et al., 1989 | Plasma | Case-control | USA | 5 | 6 (60%) | 61.4 ± 7.9 | DSM | NR | RIA | −70°C | Mild |
| Yanase et al., 1996 | Serum | Case-control | Japan | 5 | 12 (63%) | 74.7 ± 6.7 | DSM-III | NR | RIA | −20°C | Moderate |
USA, United States of America; UK, the United Kingdom; AD, Alzheimer's disease; RIA, radioimmunoassay; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GC/MS, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer; NR, not report; DSM, Diagnostic, and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.