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Characteristics of metal binding strength.
| Metal | Charge, za | Crystal radius, crystalb (A°) | Hydrated ion radius, rhydc (A°) | Pauling electronegativityd | Parameter for covalent binding, x2 (rcryst + 0.85)e(A°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu | 2 | 0.73 | 4.19 | 2 | 6.41 |
| Ni | 2 | 0.69 | 4.04 | 1.8 | 5.73 |
| Cd | 2 | 0.95 | 4.26 | 1.7 | 5.51 |
| Cr | 3 | 0.75 | 4.13 | 1.6 | 4.1 |
