Figure 1.

HIV Infection in Primary Non-activated CD4⁺ T Cells

(A) Non-activated CD4⁺ T cells were infected for 2 h with NL4.3 X4 (HIV X4, blue) or R5 virus (HIV R5, yellow) carrying the fusion protein Vpr-β-lactamase and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-GFP cassette. HIV entry was determined 2 h later by incubation with an FRET-β-lactamase substrate, where cleaved substrate⁺ cells represent HIV⁺ cells. A representative experiment is shown.

(B) Composite infection data as in (A) for non-activated (top) and activated (bottom) CD4⁺ T cells, expressed as means ± SDs for three independent experiments from three different individuals, each performed in duplicate.

(C) The percentage of cells expressing GFP, representing productive infection, was measured 48 h post-infection in non-activated CD4⁺ T cells (top) and activated CD4⁺ T cells (bottom). The results are expressed as means ± SDs for three independent experiments from three different individuals, each performed in duplicate. Statistical significance was calculated using an unpaired t test relative to the non-infected (NI) condition.

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

See also Figures S1 and S2.