Table 1.
Subject general characteristics
| Characteristic | Total (n=2,721) | Boys (n=1,436) | Girls (n=1,285) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 14.1±0.1 | 14.1±0.1 | 14.1±0.1 | 0.988 |
| 10–12 | 1,015 (37.3) | 558 (38.9) | 457 (35.6) | 0.143 |
| 13–15 | 975 (35.8) | 493 (34.3) | 482 (37.5) | |
| 16–18 | 731 (26.9) | 385 (26.8) | 346 (26.9) | |
| Weight (kg) | 54.1±0.3 | 57.7±0.5 | 50.0±0.4 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 69.4±0.2 | 71.7±0.3 | 66.8±0.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.6±0.1 | 21.0±0.1 | 20.1±0.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI status | ||||
| Underweight | 157 (5.8) | 78 (5.4) | 79 (6.1) | 0.11 |
| Normal weight | 2,040 (75) | 1,058 (77.7) | 982 (76.4) | |
| Overweight | 353 (13) | 206 (14.3) | 147 (11.4) | |
| Obese | 171 (6.3) | 94 (6.5) | 77 (6.0) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 156.6±0.7 | 152.5±1.0 | 159.9±0.8 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 76.1±1.0 | 74.9±1.0 | 77.9±1.0 | 0.066 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 48.8±0.2 | 47.6±0.3 | 50.5±0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 89.7±0.6 | 85.8±0.9 | 91.0±0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 106.2±0.1 | 103.2±0.9 | 108.4±0.8 | <0.001 |
| TC/HDL-C ratio | 3.2±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 0.872 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 1.6±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 0.908 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.2±0.1 | 89.8±0.2 | 88.6±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 13.4±0.1 | 13.2±0.2 | 13.8±0.2 | 0.009 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0±0.1 | 2.9±0.1 | 3.0±0.1 | 0.12 |
| Central obesity | 234 (8.1) | 113 (7.2) | 121 (9.0) | 0.164 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 250 (9.5) | 134 (10.3) | 116 (8.6) | 0.2 |
| Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia | 500 (19.0) | 237 (16.4) | 263 (22.0) | 0.002 |
| Hyperglycemia | 140 (5.6) | 79 (6.2) | 61 (4.9) | 0.183 |
| Hypertension | 62 (2.8) | 51 (4.4) | 11 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 42 (1.5) | 20 (1.2) | 22 (1.7) | 0.366 |
Values are presented as mean (geometric geometric mean for lipid parameters)±standard error or number (%).
Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Federation criteria.
BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.