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Metabolic pathway of E. coli and l-valine biosynthetic pathway. EMP pathway, Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway; PDHC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; GltA, citrate synthase; IivBN, acetolactate synthase I; IlvC, ketol-acid reductoisomerase; IlvD, dihydroxyacid dehydratase; IlvE, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; GdhA, glutamate dehydrogenase.
