Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of demographics, preoperative diagnosis, and laterality of surgery

Variable	Frequency	Percent	Valid percent	Cumulative percent
Sex
Female	29	60.4	60.4	60.4
Male	19	39.6	39.6	100.0
Total	48	100	100
Preoperative diagnosis
Adjacent segment disease	2	4.2	4.2	4.2
Spondylolisthesis	44	91.7	91.7	95.8
Stenosis	2	4.2	4.2	100.0
Total	48	100	100
Laterality of decompression
Bilateral	12	25.0	25.0	25.0
Left	25	52.1	52.1	77.1
Right	11	22.9	22.9	100.0
Laterality of transforaminal implantation
Left	36	75.0	75.0	75.0
Right	12	25.0	25.0	100
Total	48	100	100