Table II.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of covariates associated with overall survival.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value |
| Treatment (SRS/WBRT) | 0.80 | 0.42–1.52 | 0.502 | |||
| Age | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.900 | |||
| Sex (male/female) | 1.21 | 0.62–2.37 | 0.580 | |||
| Histology (non-Ad/Ad) | 6.38 | 2.11–19.35 | 0.001 | 7.39 | 1.88–28.99 | 0.004 |
| EGFR/ALK mutation status (positive/negative/unknown) | 0.34 | 0.18–0.67 | 0.002 | |||
| Clinical stage (IV/I–III) | 1.43 | 0.67–3.06 | 0.358 | |||
| Prior TKI (yes/no) | 0.88 | 0.40–1.95 | 0.754 | |||
| Prior chemotherapy (yes/no) | 1.39 | 0.71–2.75 | 0.340 | |||
| Smoking status (current/former/never) | 1.21 | 0.58–2.50 | 0.613 | |||
| Symptoms from BMs (yes/no) | 1.17 | 0.59–2.32 | 0.660 | |||
| Number of BMs | 0.98 | 0.89–1.08 | 0.618 | |||
| Maximal diameter | 1.04 | 1.00–1.08 | 0.055 | |||
| ECOG-PS | 1.48 | 1.12–1.97 | 0.006 | 1.38 | 1.01–1.90 | 0.045 |
| Extracranial metastases (present/absent) | 0.89 | 0.21–3.75 | 0.878 | |||
| DS-GPA score | 0.62 | 0.28–1.40 | 0.248 | |||
| Lung-molGPA score | 0.53 | 0.34–0.83 | 0.005 | 1.11 | 0.61–2.03 | 0.728 |
| Subsequent TKI (yes/no) | 0.37 | 0.19–0.71 | 0.003 | 0.21 | 0.09–0.47 | <0.001 |
| Subsequent chemotherapy (yes/no) | 0.48 | 0.24–0.95 | 0.035 | 0.36 | 0.15–0.83 | 0.017 |
| CNS-PD (yes/no) | 0.59 | 0.30–1.15 | 0.123 | |||
| Salvage treatment for BMs (yes/no) | 0.46 | 0.22–0.99 | 0.046 | 0.33 | 0.12–0.91 | 0.032 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy; Ad, adenocarcinoma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; BMs, brain metastases; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; DS-GPA, diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment; CNS-PD, central nervous system progression disease.