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. 2019 Jan 11;25(3):326–343. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmy046

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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A schematic diagram showing how the kisspeptin/KISS1R system regulates the processes of embryo implantation and placentation. Kisspeptin promotes embryo adhesion to the endometrium and stroma decidualization by up-regulating cell adhesion molecules and LIF, respectively. Kisspeptin inhibits trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis via the down-regulation of MMPs and VEGFA, respectively. VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor A; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor.