Table 3.

Standard steps of RALUR.

•Preoperative cystoscopy and retrograde pyelogram, if there is a suspicion of ectopic ureter, duplex systems, solitary system •Patient position: Supine (younger patients) or modified lithotomy; Attention to pressure points and careful strapping to prevent shifting when patient put into lithotomy position. •Port placement: 8.5 mm camera port at the umbilicus, 5 mm working instruments in midclavicular line on either side, or utilizing lower incisions with cephalad tunneling of the trocar. •Cephalad ureteral mobilization to release tension •Tunnel measurement and marking to achieve a 5:1 ratio •Mild hydrodistension, hitch placement •Detrusor tunnel creation •Detrusorrhaphy-suturing •Closure