Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n = 309).
| Variables | Women (n = 105) | Men (n = 204) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NFAI (n = 76) | PA (n = 29) | P | NFAI (n = 171) | PA (n = 33) | P | |
| Age (y) | 54.6 ± 7.8 | 57.9 ± 8.3 | 0.061 | 55.2 ± 7.8 | 57.5 ± 6.0 | 0.106 |
| Postmenopausal, n (%) | 59 (77.6%) | 24 (82.8%) | 0.564 | – | – | – |
| Height (cm) | 158.4 ± 5.2 | 157.6 ± 5.0 | 0.446 | 169.7 ± 6.7 | 170.4 ± 5.1 | 0.574 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.4 ± 9.1 | 60.5 ± 10.0 | 0.674 | 74.7 ± 10.0 | 77.8 ± 10.8 | 0.116 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 7.1 | 24.3 ± 3.3 | 0.535 | 26.0 ± 2.8 | 26.9 ± 2.5 | 0.084 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123.4 ± 13.6 | 134.0 ± 16.0 | 0.001 | 126.0 ± 11.7 | 142.3 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 8.6 | 79.2 ± 10.2 | 0.167 | 79.6 ± 8.6 | 87.1 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 92.1 ± 9.6 | 97.4 ± 10.4 | 0.014 | 95.1 ± 8.9 | 105.5 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.278 | 58 (33.9%) | 7 (21.2%) | 0.152 |
| Alcohol intake ≥3 U/day, n (%) | 3 (5.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.242 | 16 (12.3%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.009 |
| Regular exercise ≥30 min/day, n (%) | 19 (25.0%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.054 | 61 (35.7%) | 5 (15.2%) | 0.210 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 94.2 ± 27.1 | 92.9 ± 39.2 | 0.870 | 95.5 ± 22.0 | 98.0 ± 17.8 | 0.536 |
| K+ (mEq/L) | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 0.014 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.005 |
| PAC (ng/dL) | 13.1 ± 8.6 | 26.0 ± 9.5 | <0.001 | 11.8 ± 7.0 | 23.7 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
| PRA (ng/mL/h) | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.008 | 2.7 ± 4.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| ARR ([ng/dL]/[ng/mL/h]) | 29.0 ± 36.6 | 97.6 ± 61.8 | <0.001 | 18.6 ± 33.8 | 100.3 ± 68.7 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or as the median (interquartile range), unless indicated otherwise. Bold numbers indicate statistically significant values. NFAI, non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma; PA, primary aldosteronism; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA, plasma renin activity; ARR, aldosterone to renin ratio.