Table 2.
Baseline biochemical and nutritional variables in interventions and control groups
| Variables | Mean±SD | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet group (n=35) | N-3 PUFA group (n=35) | Control group (n=34) | ||
| FBS (mg/dL) | 82.31±10.72 | 80.03±9.018 | 79.64±13.22 | 0.624* |
| Insulin (µu/mL) | 18.83±5.93 | 16.68±6.83 | 16.86±6.05 | 0.327* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 167.94±65.73 | 161.54±64.37 | 179.26±80.98 | 0.576* |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.66±35.25 | 189.63±23.53 | 194.79±37.47 | 0.787* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104.51±25.16 | 104.40±18.64 | 104.82±26.08 | 0.997* |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.63±6.91 | 45.03±6.38 | 46.59±9.72 | 0.705* |
| ALT (IU/L) | 35.37±21.04 | 34.83±24.23 | 33.62±20.30 | 0.884** |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.08±10.52 | 28.20±11.89 | 27.26±9.03 | 0.951** |
| GGT (IU/L) | 35.51±23.85 | 41.02±28.31 | 35.00±23.51 | 0.306** |
| HOMA-IR | 3.83±1.35 | 3.32±1.57 | 3.35±1.39 | 0.202** |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2091.28±528.18 | 2020.11±601.16 | 2468.20±811.73 | 0.048** |
| Dietary carbohydrate (%) | 53.06±5.68 | 54.51±5.79 | 56.65±3.92 | 0.019* |
| Dietary fat (%) | 33.77±5.14 | 31.86±4.85 | 30.73±3.85 | 0.029** |
| Dietary protein (%) | 13.17±2.09 | 13.63±2.46 | 12.59±1.39 | 0.123** |
| Dietary cholesterol (mg/day) | 204.91±110.94 | 190.24±141.76 | 193.63±147.98 | 0.389** |
| Dietary SFA (g/day) | 18.73±5.98 | 17.43±6.41 | 25.65±37.90 | 0.479** |
| Dietary MUFA (g/day) | 31.11±11.21 | 28.38±12.63 | 33.24±10.97 | 0.064** |
| Dietary PUFA (g/day) | 21.70±9.99 | 20.28±8.99 | 23.75±9.98 | 0.329* |
| Dietary EPA (g/day) | 0.006±0.022 | 0.023±0.055 | 0.007±0.019 | 0.072** |
| Dietary DHA (g/day) | 0.020±0.057 | 0.058±0.123 | 0.024±0.051 | 0.290** |
| Dietary fiber (g/day) | 15.13±6.88 | 14.99±7.11 | 14.97±5.22 | 0.871** |
Data are presented as mean±SD or percent of valid cases. *Analyzed by one-way ANOVA between 3 groups, **Analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis between 3 groups, ¶P values for Chi-square test. FBS=Fasting blood sugar; LDL-C=Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C=High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT=Alanine aminotransferase; AST=Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT=Gamma-glutamyltransferase; HOMA-IR=Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SFA=Saturated fatty acid; MUFA=Monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA=Polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA=Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA=Docosahexaenoic acid; SD=Standard deviation; N-3 PUFA=n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid